S-1
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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 19, 2020

Registration No. 333-        

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

GoHealth, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   6411   85-0563805

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code Number)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

214 West Huron St.

Chicago, Illinois 60654

Telephone: (312) 386-8200

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

Bradley Burd

General Counsel

214 West Huron St.

Chicago, Illinois 60654

Telephone: (312) 386-8200

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

Copies to:

 

Ian D. Schuman, Esq.

Stelios G. Saffos, Esq.

Ryan K. deFord, Esq.

Latham & Watkins LLP

885 Third Avenue

New York, New York 10022

Telephone: (212) 906-1200

Fax: (212) 751-4864

 

Bradley Burd

General Counsel

GoHealth, Inc.

214 West Huron St.

Chicago, Illinois 60654

Telephone: (312) 386-8200

 

Samir A. Gandhi, Esq.

David Ni, Esq.

Sidley Austin LLP

787 7th Avenue

New York, New York 10019

Telephone: (212) 839-5300

Fax: (212) 839-5599

 

 

APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC: AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE AFTER THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT IS DECLARED EFFECTIVE.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box.  ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer      Accelerated filer  
Non-accelerated filer      Smaller reporting company  
     Emerging growth company  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☐

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

 

Title of Each Class of

Securities to be Registered

 

Proposed

Maximum

Aggregate

Offering Price(1)(2)

 

Amount of

Registration Fee

Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share

  $100,000,000   $12,980

 

 

(1)

Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

(2)

Includes the offering price of shares of Class A common stock that may be sold if the option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock granted by the Registrant to the underwriters is executed.

 

 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 


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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Subject to completion, dated June 19, 2020.

            Shares

 

LOGO

GoHealth, Inc.

Class A Common Stock

 

 

This is an initial public offering of shares of Class A common stock of GoHealth, Inc. We are selling                shares of Class A common stock.

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the Class A common stock. It is currently estimated that the initial public offering price per share of Class A common stock will be between $                and $                . We have applied to list our Class A common stock on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “GHTH.”

We will have two classes of common stock outstanding after this offering: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Each share of our Class A common stock entitles its holder to one vote per share and each share of our Class B common stock entitles its holder to one vote per share on all matters presented to our stockholders generally. Immediately following the consummation of this offering, all of the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock will be held by the Continuing Equity Owners (as defined below), which will represent in the aggregate approximately    % of the voting power of our outstanding common stock after this offering (or approximately      % if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares).

We will be a holding company, and upon consummation of this offering and the application of proceeds therefrom, our principal asset will consist of LLC Interests (as defined below) we acquire directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC and indirectly from certain of the Continuing Equity Owners and the Blocker Shareholders with the proceeds from this offering, collectively representing an aggregate    % economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC. Of the remaining    % economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC,    % will be owned by the Continuing Equity Owners (excluding Centerbridge Capital Partners III, L.P.) through their ownership of LLC Interests and     % will be owned by Centerbridge Capital Partners III, L.P., our majority owner through their ownership of LLC Interests.

GoHealth, Inc. will be the sole managing member of GoHealth Holdings, LLC. We will operate and control all of the business and affairs of GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its direct and indirect subsidiaries and, through GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, conduct our business.

Following this offering, we will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Nasdaq rules. See “Our Organizational Structure” and “Management—Controlled Company Exception.”

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and will be subject to reduced disclosure and public reporting requirements. This prospectus complies with the requirements that apply to an issuer that is an emerging growth company.

 

 

See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 31 to read about factors you should consider before buying shares of our Class A common stock.

 

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

 

     Per
Share
     Total  

Initial public offering price

   $                  $              

Underwriting discount(1)

   $        $    

Proceeds, before expenses, to GoHealth, Inc.

   $        $    

 

(1)

We have agreed to reimburse the underwriters for certain expenses in connection with this offering. See “Underwriting.”

The underwriters have the option to purchase up to an additional                shares of Class A common stock from us at the initial price to public less the underwriting discount within 30 days of the date of this prospectus.

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of Class A common stock against payment in New York, New York on                , 2020.

 

 

 

Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC    BofA Securities    Morgan Stanley

 

Barclays   Credit Suisse   Evercore ISI   RBC Capital Markets   William Blair

 

Cantor   SunTrust Robinson Humphrey

Prospectus dated                , 2020.


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(1)

See footnote 1 to “Prospectus Summary—Summary Historical and Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial and Other Data” for information regarding our use of pro forma financial information.

(2)

See “Prospectus Summary—Summary Historical and Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial and Other Data” for information regarding our use of Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

(3)

See “Basis of Presentation—Key Terms and Performance Indicators Used in this Prospectus; Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a definition of LTV/CAC.


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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

     1  

RISK FACTORS

     31  

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

     77  

OUR ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

     78  

USE OF PROCEEDS

     82  

CAPITALIZATION

     83  

DIVIDEND POLICY

     85  

DILUTION

     86  

SELECTED HISTORICAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

     88  

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

     90  

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

     101  

BUSINESS

     133  

MANAGEMENT

     152  

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

     159  

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

     172  

PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

     184  

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

     186  

DESCRIPTION OF INDEBTEDNESS

     192  

SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

     195  

MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS TO NON-U.S. HOLDERS OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK

     198  

UNDERWRITING

     202  

LEGAL MATTERS

     209  

EXPERTS

     209  

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

     209  

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

     F-1  

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus and any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We and the underwriters have not authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or in any related free writing prospectuses. We and the underwriters take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. You must not rely on any unauthorized information or representations. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the shares offered by this prospectus, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of its date regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our Class A common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

Through and including                , 2020 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to a dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or subscription.

For investors outside the United States: We have not, and the underwriters have not, done anything that would permit this offering or the possession or distribution of this prospectus or any free writing prospectus we may provide to you in connection with this offering in any jurisdiction where action for purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the shares of Class A common stock and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States. See “Underwriting.”

 

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Organizational Structure

In connection with the closing of this offering, we will undertake certain organizational transactions to reorganize our corporate structure. Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, all information in this prospectus reflects the consummation of the organizational transactions described in the section titled “Our Organizational Structure” and this offering, and the application of the proceeds therefrom, which we refer to collectively as the “Transactions.”

See “Our Organizational Structure” for a diagram depicting our organizational structure after giving effect to the Transactions, including this offering.

Certain Definitions

As used in this prospectus, unless the context otherwise requires:

 

   

“we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” “GoHealth” and similar references refer: (1) following the consummation of the Transactions, including this offering, to GoHealth, Inc., and, unless otherwise stated, all of its direct and indirect subsidiaries, including GoHealth Holdings, LLC (formerly known as Blizzard Parent, LLC), and (2) prior to the completion of the Transactions, including this offering, to GoHealth Holdings, LLC and, unless otherwise stated, all of its direct and indirect subsidiaries, or, as applicable, the Predecessor.

 

   

Blocker Company” refers to an entity affiliated with Centerbridge that is an indirect owner of LLC Interests in GoHealth Holdings, LLC prior to the Transactions and is taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

   

Blocker Shareholders” refer to entities affiliated with Centerbridge, the owners of the Blocker Company prior to the Transactions, who will exchange their interests in the Blocker Company for shares of our Class A common stock and cash in connection with the consummation of the Transactions.

 

   

“Centerbridge” refers to Centerbridge Capital Partners III, L.P., our majority owner and a Delaware limited partnership, certain funds affiliated with Centerbridge Capital Partners III, L.P. and other entities over which Centerbridge Capital Partners III, L.P. has voting control (including any such fund or entity formed to hold shares of Class A common stock for the Blocker Shareholders).

 

   

“Continuing Equity Owners” refer collectively to holders of LLC Interests and our Class B common stock immediately following consummation of the Transactions, including Centerbridge, Norwest, our Founders and certain executive officers, employees and other minority investors and their respective permitted transferees who may, following the consummation of this offering, exchange at each of their respective options, in whole or in part from time to time, their LLC Interests (along with an equal number of shares of Class B common stock (and such shares shall be immediately cancelled)) for, at our election (determined solely by our independent directors (within the meaning of the Nasdaq rules) who are disinterested), cash or newly-issued shares of our Class A common stock as described in “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—GoHealth Holdings, LLC Agreement—Agreement in Effect Upon Consummation of the Transactions.”

 

   

Founders” refer to Brandon M. Cruz, our Co-Founder and Chief Strategy Officer and Special Advisor to the Executive Team, and Clinton P. Jones, our Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer.

 

   

“GoHealth Holdings, LLC Agreement” refers to GoHealth Holdings, LLC’s amended and restated limited liability company agreement, which will become effective substantially concurrently with or prior to the consummation of this offering.

 

   

“LLC Interests” refer to the common units of GoHealth Holdings, LLC, including those that we purchase with a portion of the net proceeds from this offering.

 

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Norwest” refers to Norwest Equity Partners and certain funds affiliated with Norwest Equity Partners.

 

   

“Norvax” or “Predecessor” refers to Norvax, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a subsidiary of GoHealth Holdings, LLC.

 

   

“Original Equity Owners” refer to the owners of LLC Interests in GoHealth Holdings, LLC prior to the consummation of the Transactions, collectively, which include Centerbridge, Norwest, our Founders and certain executive officers, employees and other minority investors.

 

   

Transactions” refer to the organizational transactions and this offering, and the application of the net proceeds therefrom.

GoHealth, Inc. will be a holding company and the sole managing member of GoHealth Holdings, LLC, and upon consummation of the Transactions, its principal asset will consist of LLC Interests.

Presentation of Financial Information

GoHealth Holdings, LLC is the accounting predecessor of GoHealth, Inc. for financial reporting purposes. GoHealth, Inc. will be the audited financial reporting entity following this offering. Accordingly, this prospectus contains the following historical financial statements:

 

   

GoHealth, Inc. Other than the inception balance sheet, dated as of March 27, 2020, the historical financial information of GoHealth, Inc. has not been included in this prospectus as it is a newly incorporated entity, has no business transactions or activities to date and had no assets or liabilities during the periods presented in this prospectus.

 

   

GoHealth Holdings, LLC. Because GoHealth, Inc. will have no interest in any operations other than those of GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries, the historical consolidated financial information included in this prospectus is that of GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries.

On September 13, 2019, Centerbridge, indirectly through a subsidiary of GoHealth Holdings, LLC (formerly known as Blizzard Parent, LLC), an entity formed in contemplation of the acquisition, acquired a 100% interest in Norvax. We refer to this transaction as the “Centerbridge Acquisition.” As a result of the Centerbridge Acquisition, this prospectus presents certain financial information for two periods, the Predecessor and Successor periods, which relate to the period preceding the Centerbridge Acquisition on September 13, 2019 and the period succeeding the Centerbridge Acquisition, respectively. References to the “Successor 2019 Period” refer to the period from September 13, 2019 through December 31, 2019, and references to the “Predecessor 2019 Period” refer to the period from January 1, 2019 through September 12, 2019. Financial information in the Predecessor 2019 Period principally relates to Norvax and its subsidiaries.

Except as noted in this prospectus, the unaudited pro forma financial information of GoHealth, Inc. presented in this prospectus has been derived from the application of pro forma adjustments to the historical consolidated financial statements of GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries included elsewhere in this prospectus. These pro forma adjustments give effect to the Centerbridge Acquisition and the Transactions as described in “Our Organizational Structure,” including the consummation of this offering, as if all such transactions had occurred on January 1, 2019 in the case of the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statements of operations data, and as of March 31, 2020 in the case of the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated balance sheet data. See “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information” for a complete description of the adjustments and assumptions underlying the pro forma financial information included in this prospectus. References to the “Pro Forma Fiscal Year 2019” refer to the pro forma financial information presented in the “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information” for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Certain monetary amounts, percentages and other figures included in this prospectus have been subject to rounding adjustments. Percentage amounts included in this prospectus have not in all cases been calculated on

 

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the basis of such rounded figures, but on the basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, percentage amounts in this prospectus may vary from those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Certain other amounts that appear in this prospectus may not sum due to rounding.

Key Terms and Performance Indicators Used in this Prospectus; Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Throughout this prospectus, we use a number of key terms and provide a number of key performance indicators used by management. These key performance indicators are discussed in more detail in the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Business and Operating Metrics by Segment.” We define these terms and key performance indicators as follows:

 

   

Approved Submissions” refer to Submitted Policies approved by carriers for the identified product during the indicated period.

 

   

Adjusted EBITDA” represents EBITDA as further adjusted for share-based compensation, change in fair value of earnout liability, Centerbridge Acquisition costs and severance costs.

 

   

Adjusted EBITDA margin” refers to Adjusted EBITDA divided by net revenues.

 

   

Consumer interactions” refer to the number of times a consumer calls us or visits us online.

 

   

Consumer lead” refers to a consumer for which we have collected some personally identifiable information related to health insurance.

 

   

EBITDA” represents net income (loss) before interest expense, income tax expense (benefit) and depreciation and amortization expense.

 

   

Impressions” refer to the number of times our advertisement is shown to consumers through any medium, regardless of whether such consumers have viewed, clicked through or otherwise interacted with the advertisement.

 

   

LTV Per Approved Submission” refers to the Lifetime Value of Commissions per Approved Submission, which we define as (i) aggregate commissions estimated to be collected over the estimated life of all commissionable Approved Submissions for the relevant period based on multiple factors, including but not limited to, contracted commission rates, carrier mix and expected policy persistency with applied constraints, divided by (ii) the number of commissionable Approved Submissions for such period.

 

   

LTV/CAC” refers to the Lifetime Value of Commissions per Consumer Acquisition Cost, which we define as (i) aggregate commissions estimated to be collected over the estimated life of all commissionable Approved Submissions for the relevant period based on multiple factors, including but not limited to, contracted commission rates, carrier mix and expected policy persistency with applied constraints, or LTV, divided by (ii) the cost to convert a prospect into a customer less other non-commission carrier revenue for such period, or CAC. CAC is comprised of cost of revenue, marketing and advertising expenses and customer care and enrollment expenses less other revenue and is presented on a per commissionable Approved Submission basis.

 

   

Qualified prospect” refers to a consumer that has confirmed an interest to us in shopping for health insurance over the phone, online or via live transfer to our agents, both through the internal and external channels.

 

   

Submitted Policies” refer to completed applications that, with respect to each such application, the consumer has authorized us to submit to the carrier.

We use non-GAAP financial measures, such as EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin, to supplement financial information presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. We believe that excluding certain items from our GAAP results allows management to better understand our consolidated financial performance from period to period and better project our future

 

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consolidated financial performance as forecasts are developed at a level of detail different from that used to prepare GAAP-based financial measures. Moreover, we believe these non-GAAP financial measures provide our stakeholders with useful information to help them evaluate our operating results by facilitating an enhanced understanding of our operating performance and enabling them to make more meaningful period to period comparisons. There are limitations to the use of the non-GAAP financial measures presented in this prospectus. For example, our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate non-GAAP financial measures differently than we do, limiting the usefulness of those measures for comparative purposes. See “Prospectus Summary—Summary Historical and Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial and Other Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

TRADEMARKS

This prospectus includes our trademarks and trade names which are protected under applicable intellectual property laws and are our property. This prospectus also contains trademarks, trade names and service marks of other companies, which are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ®, or SM symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law, our rights or the right of the applicable licensor to these trademarks, trade names and service marks. We do not intend our use or display of other parties’ trademarks, trade names or service marks to imply, and such use or display should not be construed to imply, a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other parties.

MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA

Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this prospectus concerning our industry, competitive position and the markets in which we operate is based on information from independent industry and research organizations, other third-party sources and management estimates. Management estimates are derived from publicly available information released by independent industry analysts and other third-party sources, as well as data from our internal research, and are based on assumptions made by us upon reviewing such data, and our experience in, and knowledge of, such industry and markets, which we believe to be reasonable. In addition, projections, assumptions and estimates of the future performance of the industry in which we operate and our future performance are necessarily subject to uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates made by the independent parties and by us.

 

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights selected information included elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider before deciding to invest in our Class A common stock. You should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus, before making an investment decision. Some of the statements in this prospectus constitute forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

We are a leading health insurance marketplace whose mission is to improve access to healthcare in America. Our proprietary technology platform leverages modern machine-learning algorithms powered by nearly two decades of insurance behavioral data to reimagine the optimal process for helping individuals find the best health insurance plan for their specific needs. Our differentiated combination of a vertically-integrated consumer acquisition platform and highly skilled and trained licensed agents has enabled us to enroll millions of people in Medicare and individual and family plans since our inception. With over 10,000 Americans turning 65 years old every day and GoHealth’s track record of significant growth in net revenues in the Medicare space in the past five years, we believe we will continue to be one of the top choices for unbiased insurance advice to help navigate one of the most important purchasing decisions individuals make.

Since our inception, we have consistently invested in our technology, data science and business processes to enroll millions of people in health insurance plans while helping carriers scale their product and plan offerings. Our platform utilizes proprietary technology, machine-learning capabilities, data, efficient business processes, and highly skilled and trained licensed agents, or agents, to connect consumers with health insurance carriers, or carriers, through multiple channels. Through our platform, we offer a wide array of health insurance policies, including, but not limited to, Medicare Advantage, Medicare Supplement, prescription drug plans, and individual and family plans, and allow consumers to choose how to purchase these plans, either with the assistance of our agents or directly online.

For many consumers, choosing a health insurance plan is confusing and difficult, and seemingly small differences between health insurance plans can lead to significant out-of-pocket costs or lack of access to critical medicines or providers. We simplify the difficult and confusing process by offering a large selection of health insurance plan choices, unbiased advice informed by consumers’ specific needs, transparency of health insurance plan benefits and fit, assistance accessing available government subsidies and a high-touch TeleCare team. The TeleCare team is focused on increasing consumer engagement with the GoHealth brand, selling new products and services to our consumers that help meet their healthcare needs, and helping consumers maximize their health insurance plan benefits to support long-term health and wellness. Carriers also benefit from our platform, especially those looking to access the large and fast-growing Medicare-eligible population. We believe carriers utilize our large-scale data and technology as well as our efficient marketing and conversion processes to reduce their CAC, compared to carrier-employed agent workforces. In fact, we believe GoHealth is the largest external partner for Medicare Advantage enrollments for many carriers.

We have a 19-year history of consistent revenue growth and entering new market segments of insurance products. We add significant value to consumers and carriers, which is evidenced by our high growth rate and strong customer engagement dynamics. Specifically, net revenues grew by 104.1% to $141.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $69.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and by 138.5% to $539.5 million for the Pro Forma Fiscal Year 2019 compared to $226.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Adjusted EBITDA grew by 391.5% to $34.9 million for the three months ended



 

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March 31, 2020 compared to $7.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and by 386.8% to $170.0 million for the Pro Forma Fiscal Year 2019 from $34.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Net loss was $937 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to net income of $5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, and net loss was $29.5 million for the Pro Forma Fiscal Year 2019 compared to net income of $28.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. See “—Summary Historical and Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial and Other Data” for information regarding our use of (i) pro forma financial information, specifically footnote 1 and (ii) Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

Over the last four years, we have increasingly shifted our focus towards Medicare products and deemphasized individual and family health insurance products. This shift in focus has enabled us to capitalize on (1) strong demographic trends, with Medicare enrollment expected to grow from approximately 61 million individuals in 2019 to approximately 77 million individuals by 2028, (2) the increasing proportion of the Medicare-eligible population that is choosing commercial insurance solutions, with 38% of Medicare beneficiaries, or approximately 23 million people, enrolled in Medicare Advantage plans in 2019, an increase of approximately 1.5 million people from 2018 to 2019, and (3) an antiquated traditional field agent driven sales process lacking in transparency, choice and convenience and ripe for disruption by digitally-enabled and technology-driven marketplaces like our platform. Today, we estimate a total addressable market of $28 billion for Medicare Advantage and Medicare Supplement products, which is based on third-party estimates of total expected Medicare enrollees for 2020, publicly available industry data for Medicare agents’ first-year compensation and our recent historical policy revenue experience. We believe that these trends will drive a larger market in the coming years that, when taken together with our other product and plan offerings, will result in an even larger addressable market. We also believe that we are poised to benefit from market share gains in what has traditionally been a highly fragmented market.

Consumers first engage through our platform either online or telephonically in response to our data-driven, omni-channel marketing efforts. We then use LeadScore, one of our proprietary machine-learning technologies, to evaluate consumer leads in real-time. In 2019, we generated over 42.2 million consumer interactions. The data we generate from each consumer interaction helps inform our marketing, consumer lead scoring, qualified prospect routing, and health insurance plan matching technology in a feedback loop. We also scored over 4 million consumer leads in 2019, which informs us of the potential profitability and conversion probability of the consumer lead and helps us optimize routing of consumer leads to agents. Our proprietary technology and business processes then route qualified prospects online or via live transfer to our agents, both through the internal and external channel. Our technology and workflow allow these agents to work in our Benefits Center, where our sales operations are located, or to work remotely at home. In 2019, we employed an average of 931 agents, reaching a high of 1,453 agents during the three months ended December 31, 2019. Based on consumers’ specific needs and our comprehensive data, our agents use our proprietary technology platform, Marketplace, to identify the optimal health insurance plan options from our vast inventory of insurance products. Marketplace then facilitates seamless quoting and enrollment of the consumer-selected health insurance plan using proprietary and third-party data and direct application program interfaces, or API, connections with carriers. As a result of our Marketplace technology and increasingly robust data and insights, our qualified prospect to Submitted Policy conversion rate increased from 20.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 to 24.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and from 20.6% in 2018 to 23.2% in 2019 for the multi-carrier sales outlet of the Medicare—Internal segment. An increase in the conversion rate of qualified prospects to Submitted Policies generally results in greater commissionable Approved Submissions.

Using our proprietary data, we identify consumers who would benefit from proactive engagement and education on their health insurance plan design and guidance on how they can maximize their plan benefits. We believe that using our data-driven targeted consumer outreach and our highly skilled agents and proprietary technology to properly select health insurance plans to meet a consumer’s particular needs results in higher customer



 

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satisfaction. As we enroll more qualified prospects through our Marketplace, the power of our data improves our marketing, technology, and agent performance. Our platform is engineered for rapid scalability, with modern cloud infrastructure that has information security controls that are independently audited by several third-party firms, and technology driven compliance with HIPAA, TCPA and state insurance regulations, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, regulations.

 

 

LOGO

Consumers do not pay any fees for access to our platform or for our enrollment, education or other services. Generally, we are paid an initial commission by carriers when consumers enroll in their products and become customers, and additional recurring commissions as long as those customers retain their health insurance plans. The commission structure encourages collaboration between us and carriers to increase customer satisfaction by choosing health insurance products that best fit customers’ needs, which drives better outcomes for carriers, customers, our agents, and employees. We use advanced statistical models that are built on observable commissions received rather than solely historic cohorts. Our advanced statistical models consider consumer demographic attributes, health insurance plan characteristics and temporal data to value these future commission streams from which we determine an expected LTV of the commission streams associated with each consumer enrolled in each specific plan product. Total commissions receivable, which represents such expected future commission streams, was $388.8 million as of March 31, 2020, an increase of 223.4% compared to March 31, 2019. In addition to commissions, some of our carriers have historically partnered with us to generate consumer leads and have paid us for marketing services. We do not insure customers and assume no underwriting or medical loss risk associated with placement of customers in our carriers’ products.

The differentiated value of our data science-driven, fully-integrated platform has facilitated our rapid growth. Net revenues grew by 104.1% to $141.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $69.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and by 138.5% to $539.5 million for the Pro Forma Fiscal Year 2019 compared to $226.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Adjusted EBITDA grew by 391.5% to $34.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $7.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and by 386.8% to $170.0 million for the Pro Forma Fiscal Year 2019 from $34.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Net loss was $937 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to net income of $5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and net loss



 

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was $29.5 million for the Pro Forma Fiscal Year 2019 compared to net income of $28.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Our focus on Medicare has also contributed significantly to our growth. Total revenues generated in the Medicare segments grew to $124.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $41.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, representing a 201.5% increase, and to $432.7 million for the Pro Forma Fiscal Year 2019 from $112.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, representing a 285.7% increase. In the Medicare segments, our total Submitted Policies grew to over 122,400 Medicare policies for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to over 43,200 Medicare policies the three months ended March 31, 2019 and over 427,000 Medicare policies for the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to over 118,000 Medicare policies for the year ended December 31, 2018. See “—Summary Historical and Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial and Other Data” for information regarding our use of (i) pro forma financial information, specifically footnote 1 and (ii) Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

Our Business Model

Our Platform

Our platform utilizes proprietary technology, machine-learning capabilities, data, efficient business processes, and highly skilled and trained licensed agents to generate a stable, visible revenue stream that benefits from favorable demographic trends. The key components of our platform are:

 

   

Data-Driven, Omni-Channel Marketing. Based on predictive consumer lead targeting and a high cadence of multivariate testing on consumer lead generation properties, our data-driven, omni-channel marketing drives increased impressions and qualified prospects with a target return on marketing spend.

 

   

Proprietary LeadScore Technology. LeadScore, one of our proprietary machine-learning technologies, is built on large-scale, end-to-end sales data, predicts the LTV and conversion probability of consumer leads, and is utilized to optimize routing of the consumer leads in real-time regardless of their source.

 

   

Sophisticated Matching Technology. Our proprietary qualified prospect distribution, routing, and priority queuing technology based on LeadScore and agent performance data models help us to optimally match qualified prospects to those agents most likely to convert the qualified prospect to a customer.

 

   

The Marketplace. Our proprietary Marketplace technology features decision support tools and seamlessly integrates with carrier enterprise systems, empowering our highly skilled and trained agents to quickly and efficiently select the right health insurance plan for each consumer based on their specific needs and enroll them in those plans.

 

   

TeleCare Team. Our high-touch TeleCare team is focused on increasing consumer engagement with the GoHealth brand, selling new products and services to our consumers that help meet their healthcare needs, and helping consumers maximize their health insurance plan benefits to support long-term health and wellness.

 

   

Scalable and Compliant Infrastructure. Our cloud infrastructure and compliance-by-design technology ensures scalability and compliance across our platform.

Our Value Proposition

We believe the key components of our platform are difficult to replicate for field-based agents, carrier-employed agents, and other digital or telesales competitors, making us increasingly valuable to carriers and consumers. As



 

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we increase the number of Submitted Policies, our data on qualified prospect, agent, and carrier performance becomes richer, feeding into our machine-learning and data science-enabled feedback loops, making our marketing and technology even smarter. This differentiates us from other channels and competitors, allowing us to generate more consumer leads, convert those consumer leads to customers at a higher rate, serve our customers over a longer period of time, and reduce our CAC.

We believe that LTV/CAC provides the best metric on a per commissionable Approved Submission basis into the efficiency and performance of our integrated platform. We focus on strengthening the key drivers of LTV/CAC, including marketing costs, the consumer lead to customer conversion rate and customer satisfaction. While we offer both do-it-yourself and agent-assisted channels to accommodate consumers’ preferences, we believe that for most qualified Medicare prospects, an agent-assisted model maximizes LTV/CAC. As we continue to scale our platform, we improve our key drivers through specialization and optimization using our proprietary data and machine-learning.

Our Products

We operate our business in four segments: (i) Medicare—Internal, (ii) Medicare—External, (iii) Individual and Family Plans, or IFP and Other—Internal and (iv) IFP and Other—External. The Medicare segments focus on sales of Medicare Advantage, Medicare Supplement, Medicare prescription drug plans, and Medicare Special Needs Plans, or SNPs, for multiple carriers. The Medicare segments are organized by distribution channel, as further described below:

 

   

Internal. The internal segments primarily consist of sales of products and plans by GoHealth-employed agents offering qualified prospects plans from multiple carriers, GoHealth-employed agents offering qualified prospects plans on a carrier-specific basis, or sales of products and plans through our online platform without the assistance of our agents, which we refer to as DIY.

 

   

External. The external segments represent sales of products and plans under GoHealth’s carrier contracts using an independent, national network of agents, or external agencies, which are not employed by GoHealth. These agents utilize our technology and platform to enroll consumers in health insurance plans and provide a means to earn a return on consumer leads that otherwise may have not been addressed.

The Medicare—Internal segment is the largest segment by revenue and a primary contributor to our growth and margin expansion. Over the last two years, we grew the Medicare—Internal segment multi-carrier channel agent count and prioritized the placement of qualified prospects into the Medicare—Internal segment. Going forward, we intend to continue our focus on growth and placing qualified prospects within this segment. The Medicare—Internal segment also provides significant benefits to the broader business. For example, carriers that partner with us through one or more of our internal segment businesses will often supplement our marketing and technology investments. Additionally, the external segments can be used when the number of consumer leads in our marketplace is higher than we can address in a timely fashion using our internal channel.

The IFP and Other segments focus on sales of individual and family plans (which include fixed indemnity and major medical products), dental plans, vision plans and other ancillary plans to individuals that are not Medicare-eligible. The IFP and Other segments are also organized by distribution channel, internal and external. The IFP and Other segments represent a valuable source of diversification of products, carriers, consumers and revenue that are not tied solely to Medicare. Many of the products in the IFP and Other segments have a policy life under a single year, and we are paid approximately 90% of our commission streams in these segments in the first year.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Medicare segments represented 88.1% of total revenues compared to 59.7% of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and the IFP and Other segments



 

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represented 11.9% of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 40.3% of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019. For the Pro Forma Fiscal Year 2019, the Medicare segments represented 80.2% of total revenues compared to 49.6% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the IFP and Other segments represented 19.8% of total revenues for the Pro Forma Fiscal Year 2019 compared to 50.4% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Our Strengths

Fully Integrated End-to-End Insurance Marketplace

Our platform connects insurance consumers with carriers. The strength of our platform is our innovation in enhancing the education of, and transparency and choice for, consumers, which has dramatically changed how consumers purchase health insurance and displaced incumbent market leaders in insurance distribution. The insurance distribution incumbents, such as field-based and carrier-employed agents, offered neither the broad choice of health insurance plans we are able to offer nor the unbiased support in health insurance plan selection based on the years of consumer shopping data we have gathered and the sophisticated models we have developed to match health insurance plans to consumers. We apply our proprietary, machine-learning technology, LeadScore, to target, assess, and prioritize all of our consumer leads (over 4 million in 2019) in real-time. Incumbent insurance distributors do not have access to equivalent technology, and we believe this difference in capabilities allows us to benefit from lower CAC. Our technology is difficult to replicate because acquiring the data underlying our models at our scale (over 10 years of insurance data) and scope, as well as refining those models to the performance we have obtained would be time-consuming, expensive and complicated for newer entrants in this market. Our technology and business processes route qualified consumer leads online or via live transfer to agents across our multiple channels ensuring that few qualified prospects leave our marketplace without an interaction and maximizing each consumer interaction to ensure a higher likelihood of consumer acquisition and higher margin contribution. We use a combination of proprietary and third-party data, direct API connections to many carriers, and our proprietary technology platform, Marketplace, to educate, quote and enroll consumers in real-time to the health insurance plan best suited to meet their specific needs, which enhances long-term customer satisfaction. The resulting increase in the expected LTV of consumers obtained at a lower CAC has made our innovative distribution model more appealing to carriers and has altered their own approach to strategic marketing and consumer acquisition. The data we generate from each consumer interaction helps inform our marketing, consumer lead scoring, qualified prospect routing, and health insurance plan matching technology in a feedback loop. We engineered our marketplace for rapid scalability, with modern cloud infrastructure that has information security controls that are independently audited by several third-party firms and complies with HIPAA, TCPA and DOI and CMS regulations. We had over 122,400 Submitted Policies in the Medicare segments for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and over 427,000 Submitted Policies in the Medicare segments for the year ended December 31, 2019, which we believe makes us one of the largest health insurance marketplaces based on publicly available information about our competitors and our carriers and our general knowledge of the industry acquired over our 19-year operating history. The data generated through the sales process by these consumers helps us increase LTV/CAC through machine-learning enabled feedback loops, and allows us to improve and deepen our relationships with carriers.



 

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LOGO

 

(1)

2019 AEP Sales/Agent/Day is presented for the multi-carrier sales outlet of the Medicare—Internal segment.

(2)

Average policy retention is presented as of January 1, 2019 for selected carriers that we believe are generally representative of our customer base for Medicare Advantage products.

Data-driven, Omni-channel Marketing

We generate over 42.2 million unique consumer interactions per year across an omni-channel diversified portfolio of sources. These sources include digital methods, such as search engine marketing, impulse-marketing and social-media, and non-digital methods, including television, mailers and radio. We use our real-time consumer lead to customer conversion data from various marketing sources to rapidly and cost-efficiently adjust and scale our marketing sources to maximize LTV/CAC and cost per qualified prospect. We also use our database of over 85 million consumer lead records to build machine-learning models that create complex lookalike audiences to enable us to efficiently target consumer leads that are more likely to convert to customers. Using our rapid test-and-learn approach, in 2019 alone, we tested over 30,000 advertisements and more than 100 site variations, which drove an increase in the website visitor to consumer lead conversion rate to 17.2% in 2020, an increase of over 124% from a rate of 7.7% in 2019. For the multi-carrier sales outlet of the Medicare—Internal segment, we were able to increase qualified prospects from approximately 237,000 in 2018 to approximately 930,000 in 2019, an increase of 292.4%, while also increasing the rate of qualified prospect to Submitted Policy conversions during the three months ended December 31, 2019 for this channel to 27% from 24% during the same period in 2018. We have grown in both number and quality of our consumer interactions while also generating more internal consumer leads, reducing our dependence on acquiring consumer leads from third-party sources. For the three months ended December 31, 2019, the multi-carrier sales outlet of the Medicare—Internal segment had 70% of consumer leads internally generated, compared to 58% for the same period in 2018.



 

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Deep, Tenured and Expanding Relationships with Top Carriers

Our carrier relationships allow us to offer a wide variety of products and plans across our platform and offer solutions tailored to consumers’ healthcare needs. We are a critical partner to our top carriers, for which we use our data and direct API connections to help inform their plan and network design and assist with budgeting. Our carrier relationships are stable, as evidenced by the fact that our relationships with each of our five largest carriers, measured by 2019 submission volume, exceeds five years. Over the past five years, we have expanded those relationships from initially covering individual and family products to covering Medicare Advantage products at all five of these carriers. We are licensed in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, which combined with our data-driven, omni-channel marketing and effective and scalable marketplace, makes us a partner of choice for the leading Medicare Advantage plans nationally and in each state. In 2020, we expect our platform will include Medicare Advantage products from at least one of the top two carriers, as measured by Medicare Advantage enrollees in each county, in 49 states, which collectively represented 95% of 2019 Medicare enrollments. In 2019, our platform included Medicare Advantage products from at least one of the top two carriers, as measured by Medicare Advantage enrollees in each county, in 24 states, which collectively represented 54% of 2019 Medicare enrollments. We believe that consumers increasingly want greater choice and are looking for quality health insurance plans as measured by CMS STAR ratings. We believe that by offering more health insurance plans in each county and more higher-rated health insurance plans, we can increase the rate of consumer lead to customer conversions and customer satisfaction rates.

Best-in-Class Medicare LTV/CAC Ratio Driven by Proprietary Technology, Business Processes, Data and Highly Skilled Agents

Our integrated technology platform, business processes, data and highly skilled and trained agents enable us to rapidly scale while improving our unit economics, as measured by LTV/CAC. As we scale our business, our machine-learning data combined with our omni-channel marketing allows us to become progressively better at acquiring consumer leads with favorable engagement potential and to do so at lower cost. In doing so, we increase the lifetime commissions generated by the consumer leads we convert, which increases LTV per Approved Submission, and we reduce the cost of acquiring consumer leads, lowering CAC per commissionable Approved Submission. With increasing scale, our proprietary LeadScore and CallRouter technologies become better at assessing the profile and predicted value of each incoming consumer lead and routing the consumer lead to the agent most likely to convert the consumer, further lowering CAC per commissionable Approved Submission. The CallRouter platform also utilizes data-driven agent clustering to enable us to train and specialize our agents on specific customer segments to optimize our results. We dynamically route qualified prospects across all of our channels with a focus on converting our highest value qualified prospects in our most profitable channels and enhancing the consumer experience across our platform. Our Marketplace technology quickly compares health insurance plans that most closely match the consumer’s specific needs, which increases the potential conversion and engagement of the consumer to the health insurance plan, increasing the LTV per Approved Submission, while also decreasing agent plan selection time, thus decreasing CAC per commissionable Approved Submission. Finally, our management team has extensive leadership experience managing customer service centers and scaling new sales offices. Our agent recruiting, training, development programs, and technology decision support with our Marketplace technology allow us to improve agent productivity, while also enhancing our consumer experience. We believe our LTV/CAC ratios for the Medicare segments are superior to those achieved by other digital marketplaces, carriers, and field-based agents.

History of Continuous Growth and Innovation and Proven Ability to Add Products

Our Founders and management team have a consistent track record of growth and entry into new market opportunities for our business. Since our founding in 2001, we evolved from a company selling quoting and enrollment technology to independent brokers to the fully integrated end-to-end insurance marketplace we are



 

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today. We have diversified our product mix to add individual and family plans, dental and vision plans, prescription drug plans, and most recently, Medicare plans. This has enabled us to serve more consumers and to prioritize different products depending on regulatory and political environments, carriers’ priorities and consumers’ preferences. Our data assets, technology, and compliance infrastructure have scaled efficiently with each consumer interaction and health insurance plan submission through our platform, and as we have invested in the next generation of our proprietary technology. We believe our management team, entrepreneurial spirit, and data and technology position us well for continuous growth in the future in our current product segments and other insurance products segments we may enter.

Our Growth Strategies

Expand Our Carrier Relationships and Health Insurance Plan Options to Grow the Medicare Segments

We believe we are a partner of choice for the top carriers in the Medicare marketplace because of our scale, efficiency and ability to integrate with carriers using direct API connections to exchange data and insights. Given our growth in Approved Submissions in the Medicare segments and the integrated data and technology of our platform, Medicare carriers have shown increased interest in working with us, including those who have not traditionally used digitally-enabled models. In 2020, we expect our platform will include Medicare Advantage products from at least one of the top two carriers, as measured by Medicare Advantage enrollees in each county, in 49 states, which collectively represented 95% of 2019 Medicare enrollments. In 2019, our platform included Medicare Advantage products from at least one of the top two carriers, as measured by Medicare Advantage enrollees in each county, in 24 states, which collectively represented 54% of 2019 Medicare enrollments. This allows us to benefit from enhanced return of scale, more efficient marketing in these geographies, increased agent conversion rates of qualified prospects to customers, and improved customer satisfaction rates as we meet the needs of our customers. In addition, we are increasingly adding SNPs into our marketplace from both existing and new carrier relationships. Unlike Medicare Advantage products, which can largely be sold only during the Medicare annual enrollment period and open enrollment period, SNPs can generally be sold throughout the special enrollment period. As a result, we are able to maximize the value of our consumer interactions and marketing spend during the special enrollment period and prioritize agent growth year round. As we add more Medicare products and expand SNP offerings, we allocate more of our existing agent seat count to the Medicare—Internal segment from other less profitable channels, reducing the need to open new facilities. Additionally, we have implemented work from home options to increase agent efficiency and capacity without a significant increase in fixed costs.

Continue to Increase Our Profitability By Using our Data to Improve our Technology, Business Processes, and Agent Performance

We are implementing a number of initiatives to help improve our LTV/CAC, which is a key measure of our unit economics and overall business profitability, by using our data to improve our platform and predictive capabilities, business processes, and agent performance.

 

   

Upgraded Marketplace Technology. In October 2019, we launched an upgrade to our proprietary Marketplace technology to increase agent productivity by improving the flow of data across our platform, advancing our decision support capabilities, and improving the qualified prospect to Submitted Policy conversion rates of our overall agent population to a level closer to that of our most productive agents.

 

   

Improving LeadScore and Call Routing Technologies. We are improving our LeadScore and call-routing technologies, and expanding our business intelligence and analytics staffing to direct qualified prospects to agents or DIY channels that are most likely to result in such qualified prospects enrolling in the health insurance plan that best meets their needs while remaining economically attractive for us.



 

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We are also increasingly using our data to identify the best agent clusters to enroll an individual qualified prospect based on our Marketplace engine’s determination of their likely optimal plan design, carrier, and demographic match based on the information we have about that qualified prospect. Additionally, we are investing in technology that will allow us to use our data to direct our marketing spend into growing our flow of qualified prospects in the highest-value marketing channels and enhancing our proprietary LeadScore technology to assess and iterate, in real-time, the performance of those marketing channels throughout the year.

 

   

Improving Recruiting and Training of Agents. We are improving the recruiting and training of our agents to match the profiles of our highest performing agents. The opportunity to reduce the variability in our agent performance is significant, as our top 25% of agents for the multi-carrier sales outlet of the Medicare—Internal segment on average were 61% more productive than the remaining 75% of our agents for the multi-carrier sales outlet of the Medicare—Internal segment, based on conversion rates of qualified prospects to Submitted Policies for the three months ended March 31, 2020. We have analyzed our most productive agents and revised our recruiting, training and onboarding of the number of licenses and appointments to most closely match the skills and experiences of our most productive agents.

Build Identification with the GoHealth Brand

We believe we can solidify our position as the largest Medicare marketplace and brand for consumers’ health insurance needs. As the Medicare markets continue to grow and the Medicare Advantage sector continues to gain market share, carriers are and will continue differentiating their health insurance plans by offering additional products and services. This differentiation creates the need for more education, transparency and choice, and the need for a “Trusted Advisor” role that we believe the GoHealth brand can own. By helping customers make this choice, they can more readily identify the GoHealth brand, which we believe differentiates us from our competitors. This allows us to improve customer satisfaction even when their underlying carrier or plan product changes.

We are using technology and data increasingly to build the GoHealth brand and our digital marketing campaigns, which significantly improved impressions in 2019 with over 1.1 billion impressions generated, compared to 225 million impressions generated in 2018. We have launched our new plan comparison tool and are launching a new website that we will consolidate into one consumer website in 2020, which we believe will enhance conversion in our DIY channel.

Provide Additional Products and Services to our Qualified Medicare Prospects, Existing Customers and Carriers

In 2019, we interacted with approximately 930,000 qualified prospects through the multi-carrier sales outlet of the Medicare—Internal segment. While we have focused historically on educating and enrolling those qualified prospects in Medicare products, we have not historically prioritized offering qualified prospects or existing customers additional products, such as life, dental, hearing, or vision plans if their Medicare product does not offer coverage for these services. We have a significant opportunity to sell additional products to our qualified Medicare prospects and existing Medicare customers going forward.

We currently enroll a sizable percentage of Medicare customers for our largest carriers, but there is still significant opportunity to grow our share of enrollments for existing carriers even while we add new carriers to our marketplace. We are using our data to help our largest carriers inform the benefit design of their health insurance plans and product competitiveness in given regions, which is a value added service that traditional field-agents and carrier internal channels cannot offer. We are also focused on increasing offerings of additional



 

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revenue generating services that are valuable to our Medicare carriers and enhance the health of our customers, including by helping new Medicare enrollees sign up for a health-risk assessment, which helps calibrate the Medicare Advantage premium paid by Medicare to the private plan. Additionally, we are exploring opportunities to (1) provide screening of customers for social determinants of health factors, such as loneliness, or food or housing insecurity, that could lead to higher medical costs if not addressed, and (2) promote the benefits of value-based care through referrals of consumers looking to change or add a primary care physician. By offering more services to our Medicare carriers, we can improve the depth of our carrier relationships, open new revenue streams and build customer loyalty.

Provide Additional Products and Services Through Our Marketplace Technology

Our Founders and management team built our Marketplace technology over a 19-year period of continuous investment and growth. We have developed relationships with over 80 carriers and offer a wide variety of products and plans, including individual and family plans, dental, vision, prescription drug and Medicare plans. Our Marketplace technology allows us to efficiently generate meaningful numbers of consumer submissions for health insurance plans, generate commission revenue streams based on Approved Submissions, and maximize the contribution margin of these commissions through efficiencies in CAC. Over the last two years, Medicare had the highest LTV/CAC of the health insurance plan products that we distribute through our Marketplace technology.

We have the technology, carrier, customer relationships and management team to broaden or shift our focus to other products if we think there is a revenue opportunity, and we have demonstrated this capability to add products historically. For example, after the enactment of the Affordable Care Act in 2010, or the ACA, we significantly grew the IFP and Other segments revenue in a relatively short period of time, which we believe made us a leader in the ACA web-broker space.

Our Market and Trends Impacting the Industry

Demographic, consumer preference and regulatory factors are driving growth in the individual health insurance market. We service this market through the Medicare segments and the IFP and Other segments.

Medicare

Medicare enrollment is expected to grow significantly over the next 10 years as 10,000+ individuals turn 65 each day and become Medicare-eligible. The proportion of the population that is age 65 and older increased from 13% in 2010 to 15% in 2016 and is expected to reach 17% by 2020, according to the United States Census Bureau. As a result, Medicare enrollment is growing steadily, with the number of Medicare enrollees expected to grow from 59.9 million in 2018, to approximately 68.4 million in 2023 and 76.7 million by 2028. This growth in Medicare enrollment will increase the numbers of qualified prospects for our marketing efforts. Internet usage by individuals age 65 and older is also increasing, with 73% using the Internet in 2019 compared to 40% in 2009 according to the Pew Research Center. Seniors are also transacting more online, with 55% of people age 65 and older making online purchases monthly according to SheerID, and 63% of people age 65 and older obtained health information from a website, according to the 2018 BMC Health Services Research.

In addition to the growth in Medicare-eligible beneficiaries and higher online usage, the interest in Medicare-eligible individuals in private Medicare plans is expected to continue to increase. In 2019, 38% of all Medicare beneficiaries were enrolled in Medicare Advantage plans and between 2018 and 2019, total Medicare Advantage enrollment grew by about 1.5 million individuals or 7%. LEK Consulting estimated that Medicare Advantage penetration is likely to reach 50% penetration for all Medicare-eligible individuals by 2025 and could reach as high as 60% to 70% between 2030 and 2040. Compared to original Medicare, Medicare Advantage has lower



 

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annual healthcare costs and access to greater benefits, according to a 2019 Milliman report. In addition, we expect the increase in Medicare Advantage penetration to accelerate due to the COVID-19 pandemic because of increasing consumer preference for online and telephonic insurance enrollment as opposed to face-to-face consultations. The number of beneficiaries in SNPs also increased significantly in the last 10 years from 900,000 in 2009 to 2.5 million in 2019 providing additional opportunity for year-round sales outside of the open enrollment period and annual enrollment period. We believe the increased penetration of Medicare Advantage, as well as the growth of the number of Medicare-eligible individuals, will lead to increased submissions for marketplaces, such as ours in the future. Consumers choose Medicare Advantage plans around a specific criteria set which includes premium, total expected costs out of pocket, provider network composition, formulary coverage and supplemental benefits, which we believe are more efficiently addressed through a non-field-based distribution channel.

The growth in Medicare-eligible seniors and growing interest in private Medicare plans has led to an increase in plan choices. Nationwide, 3,148 Medicare Advantage plans will be available in 2020, an increase of 414 plans since 2019. The average beneficiary will be able to choose from among 28 health insurance plans in 2020, up from 18, five years ago. In addition to the increase in plan choices, the differences between health insurance plans has increased significantly. For 2019, CMS eliminated the meaningful difference requirement to improve competition, innovation and available benefit offerings and provide beneficiaries with affordable health insurance plans that are tailored to a consumer’s specific healthcare needs and financial situation. The types of supplemental benefits that health insurance plans cover increased in 2018, 2019 and 2020 and now cover transportation assistance, meal benefits, in-home support, telemonitoring, and caregivers support, among others. This growth in plan choices made education and assistance with plan selection more important for consumers and allows carriers to target specific Medicare Advantage plans with packages of benefits designed to be attractive to different segments of Medicare consumers. Marketplaces such as ours help educate consumers, and assist them in making informed plan choices. In addition, we specifically micro-target our marketing to precise populations to allow carriers to grow increasingly differentiated health insurance plans. This precise marketing is more difficult for traditional radio or television-based marketing channels.



 

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LOGO

Source: CSG Actuarial (2019) and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2019).

Individual and Family Plans

After the passage of the ACA, the individual health insurance market grew from 10.6 million enrollees in 2013 to 17.4 million enrollees in 2015. Such increase was driven by (1) the requirement to purchase health insurance, or the individual mandate, (2) the requirement that carriers not consider pre-existing medical conditions in coverage decisions and (3) premium subsidies for middle and lower income individuals that were also contained in that legislation. With the repeal of the individual mandate in 2017 and broader economic trends, such as gains in employment, which increased the number of people having job-based coverage, the individual market has declined. Despite the decline, the individual market was composed of 13.8 million members in 2018, a meaningful increase from 2011 levels and in 2019, the market size stabilized with 13.7 million members enrolled. This market stabilization was driven by lower premium increases in 2019, as compared to 2018 and 2017 for individual insurance plans; an increase in individuals who do not receive job-based insurance due to the rise of the “gig economy;” and, expanded plan options in the individual market from carriers. According to a Kaiser Family Foundation report published in 2020, in the third quarter of 2019, the average gross margin per member per month for carriers in the individual market was $131.17, as compared to $32.88 in the third quarter of 2016 shortly after the repeal of the individual mandate. This increased profitability for insurers is expected to have a positive impact on the individual market going forward. In addition, the number of individuals eligible for the individual market is growing. Forbes estimated that 57 million U.S. workers, approximately 36% of employees, are in the “gig economy” and many of these individuals will not receive health insurance through their jobs. We believe that growth in the individual market will benefit the Company in the future.

Centerbridge

On September 13, 2019, Centerbridge, indirectly through a subsidiary of GoHealth Holdings, LLC, acquired a 100% interest in Norvax, the predecessor company. Centerbridge is a global private investment firm with over



 

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$25 billion in assets under management and offices in New York and London. The firm manages capital through varied investment funds and special purpose partnerships. For additional information regarding Centerbridge’s ownership in us before and after the Transactions, see “—Summary of the Transactions” and “Principal Stockholders.”

Summary Risk Factors

Participating in this offering involves substantial risk. Our ability to execute our strategy is also subject to certain risks. The risks described under the heading “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this prospectus may cause us not to realize the full benefits of our strengths or may cause us to be unable to successfully execute all or part of our strategy. Some of the most significant challenges and risks we face include the following:

 

   

our ability to comply with the numerous, complex and frequently changing laws regulating the marketing and sale of Medicare plans;

 

   

the potential for an adverse change in our relationships with carriers, including a loss of carrier relationships;

 

   

failure to grow our customer base or retain our existing customers;

 

   

carriers’ ability to reduce commissions paid to us and adversely change their underwriting practices;

 

   

significant consolidation in the healthcare industry that could adversely alter our relationships with carriers;

 

   

information technology system failures or capacity constraints interrupting our operations;

 

   

factors that adversely impact our estimate of LTV;

 

   

our dependence on agents to sell insurance plans;

 

   

changes in the health insurance system and laws and regulation governing health insurance markets;

 

   

inability to effectively advertise our products; and

 

   

the significant influence Centerbridge will have over us after the Transactions, including control over decisions that require the approval of stockholders.

Before you invest in our Class A common stock, you should carefully consider all the information in this prospectus, including matters set forth under the heading “Risk Factors.”

Summary of the Transactions

GoHealth, Inc., a Delaware corporation, was formed on March 27, 2020 and is the issuer of the Class A common stock offered by this prospectus. Prior to this offering, all of our business operations have been conducted through GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. Prior to the Transactions, we expect there will initially be one holder of common stock of GoHealth, Inc. We will consummate the following organizational transactions in connection with this offering:

 

   

we will amend and restate the existing limited liability company agreement of GoHealth Holdings, LLC, which will become effective substantially concurrently with or prior to the consummation of this offering, to, among other things, (1) recapitalize all existing ownership interests in GoHealth Holdings, LLC (including profits interests awarded under the existing limited liability company agreement of GoHealth Holdings, LLC (and corresponding profits interests issued under the existing limited liability agreement of Blizzard Management Feeder, LLC)) into                LLC Interests (and, in the case of corresponding profits interests issued by Blizzard Management Feeder, LLC, into common units of Blizzard Management Feeder, LLC) and (2) appoint GoHealth, Inc. as the sole managing member of GoHealth Holdings, LLC upon its acquisition of LLC Interests in connection with this offering;



 

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we will amend and restate GoHealth, Inc.’s certificate of incorporation to, among other things, provide (1) for Class A common stock, with each share of our Class A common stock entitling its holder to one vote per share on all matters presented to our stockholders generally and (2) for Class B common stock, with each share of our Class B common stock entitling its holder to one vote per share on all matters presented to our stockholders generally, and that shares of our Class B common stock may only be held by the Continuing Equity Owners and their respective permitted transferees as described in “Description of Capital Stock—Common Stock—Class B Common Stock;”

 

   

we will acquire, by means of one or more mergers, the Blocker Company (the “Blocker Merger”) and will issue to the Blocker Shareholders                 shares of our Class A common stock and, upon consummation of this offering, $            million (based on the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) in cash to Blocker Shareholders as partial consideration in the Blocker Merger;

 

   

we will issue                shares of our Class B common stock to the Continuing Equity Owners, which is equal to the number of LLC Interests held by such Continuing Equity Owners, for nominal consideration;

 

   

we will issue                shares of our Class A common stock to the purchasers in this offering (or                shares if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock) in exchange for net proceeds of approximately $            million (or approximately $            million if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock) based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $            per share (which is the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), less the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us;

 

   

we will use the net proceeds from this offering to (i) purchase                 newly-issued LLC Interests (or                 LLC Interests if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock) directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC at a price per unit equal to the initial public offering price per share of Class A common stock in this offering less the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us and (ii) pay $            million in cash to the Blocker Shareholders as partial consideration in the Blocker Merger;

 

   

GoHealth Holdings, LLC intends to use the net proceeds from the sale of LLC Interests to GoHealth, Inc. (i) to partially redeem certain of the LLC Interests held by the Continuing Equity Owners, (ii) to satisfy in full $             million in aggregate principal amount of an obligation relating to an existing equity instrument in connection with the Transactions and (iii) for general corporate purposes to support the growth of the business, in each case, as described under “Use of Proceeds;” and

 

   

GoHealth, Inc. will enter into (1) the Stockholders Agreement with Centerbridge and our Founders, (2) the Registration Rights Agreement with certain of the Continuing Equity Owners and (3) the Tax Receivable Agreement with GoHealth Holdings, LLC, the Continuing Equity Owners and the Blocker Shareholders. For a description of the terms of the Stockholders Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement and the Tax Receivable Agreement, see “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”

Immediately following the consummation of the Transactions (including this offering):

 

   

GoHealth, Inc. will be a holding company and its principal asset will consist of LLC Interests it acquires directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC and indirectly from certain of the Continuing Equity Owners (including the Blocker Shareholders);

 

   

GoHealth, Inc. will be the sole managing member of GoHealth Holdings, LLC and will control the business and affairs of GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its direct and indirect subsidiaries;



 

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GoHealth, Inc. will own, directly or indirectly,                 LLC Interests of GoHealth Holdings, LLC, representing approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC (or                LLC Interests, representing approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock);

 

   

the Continuing Equity Owners (excluding Centerbridge) will own (1)                LLC Interests of GoHealth Holdings, LLC, representing approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC (or                LLC Interests, representing approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock) and (2)                shares of Class B common stock of GoHealth, Inc., representing approximately    % of the combined voting power of all of GoHealth, Inc.’s common stock (or                shares of Class B common stock of GoHealth, Inc., representing approximately    % if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock);

 

   

Centerbridge (directly or indirectly, including through the Blocker Shareholders) will own (1)                 shares of Class A common stock of GoHealth, Inc. (or                shares of Class A common stock of GoHealth, Inc. if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock), representing approximately    % of the combined voting power of all of GoHealth, Inc.’s common stock and approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth, Inc. (or approximately    % of the combined voting power and approximately    % of the economic interest if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock), (2) directly and indirectly through GoHealth, Inc.’s ownership of LLC Interests, approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC (or approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock) and (3)                shares of Class B common stock of GoHealth, Inc., representing approximately    % of the combined voting power of all of GoHealth, Inc.’s common stock (or                shares of Class B common stock of GoHealth, Inc., representing approximately    % if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock); and

 

   

the purchasers in this offering will own (1)                shares of Class A common stock of GoHealth, Inc. (or                shares of Class A common stock of GoHealth, Inc. if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock), representing approximately    % of the combined voting power of all of GoHealth, Inc.’s common stock and approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth, Inc. (or approximately    % of the combined voting power and approximately    % of the economic interest if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock), and (2) through GoHealth, Inc.’s ownership of LLC Interests, indirectly will hold approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC (or approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock).

As the sole managing member of GoHealth Holdings, LLC, we will operate and control all of the business and affairs of GoHealth Holdings, LLC and, through GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, conduct our business. Following the Transactions, including this offering, GoHealth, Inc. will have the majority economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC, and will control the management of GoHealth Holdings, LLC as its sole managing member. As a result, GoHealth, Inc. will consolidate GoHealth Holdings, LLC and record a significant non-controlling interest in a consolidated entity in GoHealth, Inc.’s consolidated financial statements for the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC held by the Continuing Equity Owners.

Unless otherwise indicated, this prospectus assumes the shares of Class A common stock are offered at $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). Pursuant to the terms of the Existing LLC Agreement, the split between the number of LLC Interests will vary depending on



 

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the initial public offering price in this offering. The initial public offering price will also impact the relative allocation of LLC Interests issued in the Transactions among the Original Equity Owners and, in turn, the shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock issued to the Original Equity Owners in the Transactions. Additionally, while the number of shares of Class A common stock being offered hereby to the public will not change, any increase or decrease in the number of shares of Class A common stock sold by GoHealth, Inc. in this offering due to a change in the initial public offering price will result in a corresponding increase or decrease in the number of LLC Interests purchased by GoHealth, Inc. directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC at a price per unit equal to the initial public offering price per share of Class A common stock in this offering. Therefore, the indirect economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC represented by the shares of Class A common stock sold in this offering will be largely unaffected by the initial public offering price. For more information regarding the impact of the initial offering price on the share information included throughout this prospectus, see “—The Offering.”

For more information regarding the Transactions and our structure, see “Our Organizational Structure.”



 

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Ownership Structure

The diagram below depicts our organizational structure after giving effect to the Transactions, including this offering, assuming no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock.

 

LOGO

 

(1)

Investors in this offering will hold approximately    % of the voting interest.

GoHealth, Inc., the issuer of the Class A common stock in this offering, was incorporated as a Delaware corporation on March 27, 2020. Our corporate headquarters are located at 214 West Huron Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654. Our telephone number is (312) 386-8200. Our principal website address is www.gohealth.com. The information on any of our websites is deemed not to be incorporated in this prospectus or to be part of this prospectus.



 

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After giving effect to the Transactions, including this offering, GoHealth, Inc. will be a holding company whose principal asset will consist of    % of the outstanding LLC Interests of GoHealth Holdings, LLC (or    % if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock).

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of certain reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise generally applicable to public companies. As a result:

 

   

we are required to have only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related selected financial data and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations disclosure;

 

   

we are not required to engage an auditor to report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;

 

   

we are not required to comply with the requirement of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, regarding the communication of critical audit matters in the auditor’s report on the financial statements;

 

   

we are not required to submit certain executive compensation matters to stockholder advisory votes, such as “say-on-pay,” “say-on-frequency” and “say-on-golden parachutes;” and

 

   

we are not required to comply with certain disclosure requirements related to executive compensation, such as the requirement to present a comparison of our Chief Executive Officer’s compensation to our median employee compensation.

We may take advantage of these reduced reporting and other requirements until the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering, or such earlier time that we are no longer an emerging growth company, including if we have more than $1.07 billion in annual revenue, have more than $700 million in market value of our Class A common stock held by non-affiliates, or issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period. We may choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have elected to adopt the reduced requirements with respect to our financial statements and the related selected financial data and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure, including in this prospectus.

In addition, the JOBS Act permits an emerging growth company like us to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period. As a result, the information that we provide to stockholders may be different than the information you may receive from other public companies in which you hold equity.



 

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The Offering

 

Issuer

GoHealth, Inc.

 

Shares of Class A common stock offered by us

                shares (or                 shares if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares).

 

Underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock from us

                 shares.

 

Shares of Class A common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering

                shares, representing approximately     % of the combined voting power of all of GoHealth, Inc.’s common stock (or                 shares, representing approximately     % of the combined voting power of all of GoHealth, Inc.’s common stock if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock),     % of the economic interest in GoHealth, Inc. and     % of the indirect economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC.

 

Shares of Class B common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering

                shares, representing approximately     % of the combined voting power of all of GoHealth, Inc.’s common stock (or             shares, representing approximately     % of the combined voting power of all of GoHealth, Inc.’s common stock if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock) and no economic interest in GoHealth, Inc.

 

LLC Interests to be held by us immediately after this offering

                LLC Interests, representing approximately     % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC (or                 LLC Interests, representing approximately     % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock).

 

LLC Interests to be held directly by the Continuing Equity Owners (excluding Centerbridge) immediately after this offering

                LLC Interests, representing approximately     % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC (or                 LLC Interests, representing approximately     % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock).

 

LLC Interests to be held by Centerbridge immediately after this offering

                LLC Interests, representing approximately     % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC (or             LLC Interests, representing approximately     % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock).

 

Ratio of shares of Class A common stock to LLC Interests

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the GoHealth Holdings, LLC Agreement will require that we and GoHealth Holdings, LLC at all times maintain a one-to-one ratio between the number of shares of Class A common stock issued by us and the number of LLC Interests owned by us, except as otherwise determined by us.


 

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Ratio of shares of Class B common stock to LLC Interests

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the GoHealth Holdings, LLC Agreement will require that we and GoHealth Holdings, LLC at all times maintain a one-to-one ratio between the number of shares of Class B common stock owned by the Continuing Equity Owners and their respective permitted transferees and the number of LLC Interests owned by the Continuing Equity Owners and their respective permitted transferees, except as otherwise determined by us. Immediately after the Transactions, the Continuing Equity Owners will together own 100% of the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock.

 

Permitted holders of shares of Class B common stock

Only the Continuing Equity Owners and the permitted transferees of Class B common stock as described in this prospectus will be permitted to hold shares of our Class B common stock. Shares of Class B common stock are transferable for shares of Class A common stock only together with an equal number of LLC Interests. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—GoHealth Holdings, LLC Agreement—Agreement in Effect Upon Consummation of the Transactions.”

 

Voting rights

Holders of shares of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock will vote together as a single class on all matters presented to stockholders for their vote or approval, except as otherwise required by law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Each share of our Class A common stock entitles its holders to one vote per share and each share of our Class B common stock entitles its holders to one vote per share on all matters presented to our stockholders generally. See “Description of Capital Stock.”

 

Redemption rights of holders of LLC Interests

The Continuing Equity Owners may, subject to certain exceptions, from time to time at each of their options require GoHealth Holdings, LLC to redeem all or a portion of their LLC Interests in exchange for, at our election (determined solely by our independent directors (within the meaning of the Nasdaq rules) who are disinterested), newly-issued shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis or a cash payment equal to a volume weighted average market price of one share of our Class A common stock for each LLC Interest so redeemed, in each case, in accordance with the terms of the GoHealth Holdings, LLC Agreement; provided that, at our election (determined solely by our independent directors (within the meaning of the Nasdaq rules) who are disinterested), we may effect a direct exchange by GoHealth, Inc. of such Class A common stock or such cash, as applicable, for such LLC Interests. The Continuing Equity Owners may, subject to certain exceptions, exercise such redemption right for as long as their LLC Interests remain outstanding. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—GoHealth Holdings, LLC Agreement—Agreement in Effect Upon Consummation of the Transactions.” Simultaneously with the payment of cash or shares of Class A common stock, as applicable, in connection with a redemption or exchange of LLC



 

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Interests pursuant to the terms of the GoHealth Holdings, LLC Agreement, a number of shares of our Class B common stock registered in the name of the redeeming or exchanging Continuing Equity Owner will automatically be transferred to the Company and will be cancelled for no consideration on a one-for-one basis with the number of LLC Interests so redeemed or exchanged.

 

Use of proceeds

We estimate, based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (which is the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), that we will receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately $             million (or $             million if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock), after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to (i) purchase             newly-issued LLC Interests (or             LLC Interests if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock) directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC at a price per unit equal to the initial public offering price per share of Class A common stock in this offering less the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us and (ii) pay $             million in cash to the Blocker Shareholders as partial consideration in the Blocker Merger. GoHealth Holdings, LLC intends to use the net proceeds from the sale of LLC Interests to GoHealth, Inc. (i) to partially redeem certain of the LLC Interests held by the Continuing Equity Owners, (ii) to satisfy in full $             million in aggregate principal amount of an obligation relating to an existing equity instrument in connection with the Transactions and (iii) for general corporate purposes to support the growth of the business. GoHealth Holdings, LLC will bear or reimburse GoHealth, Inc. for all of the expenses of this offering. See “Use of Proceeds.”

 

Dividend policy

We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business and to repay indebtedness, and therefore, we do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends on our Class A common stock in the foreseeable future. Holders of our Class B common stock are not entitled to participate in any dividends declared by our board of directors. Because we are a holding company, our ability to pay cash dividends on our Class A common stock depends on our receipt of cash distributions from GoHealth Holdings, LLC and, through GoHealth Holdings, LLC, cash distributions and dividends from our other direct and indirect subsidiaries. Our ability to pay any cash dividends on our Class A common stock is limited by restrictions on the ability of GoHealth Holdings, LLC and our other direct and indirect subsidiaries to pay dividends or make distributions under the terms of our Credit Facilities. Any future determination as to the declaration and payment of dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to compliance with contractual restrictions and covenants in the agreements governing our current



 

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and future indebtedness. Any such determination will also depend upon our business prospects, results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements and availability, industry trends and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. See “Dividend Policy.”

 

Controlled company exception

After the consummation of the Transactions, we will be considered a “controlled company” within the meaning of the listing rules of The Nasdaq Global Market, or the Nasdaq rules, as                              will have more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors. See “Principal Stockholders.” As a “controlled company,” we will not be subject to certain corporate governance requirements, including that: (1) a majority of our board of directors consists of “independent directors,” as defined under the Nasdaq rules; (2) we have a nominating and corporate governance committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; (3) we have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; and (4) we perform annual performance evaluations of the nominating and corporate governance and compensation committees. As a result, we may not have a majority of independent directors on our board of directors, an entirely independent nominating and corporate governance committee, an entirely independent compensation committee or perform annual performance evaluations of the nominating and corporate governance and compensation committees unless and until such time as we are required to do so.

 

Tax receivable agreement

We will enter into a Tax Receivable Agreement with GoHealth Holdings, LLC, the Continuing Equity Owners and the Blocker Shareholders that will provide for the payment by GoHealth, Inc. to the Continuing Equity Owners and the Blocker Shareholders of 85% of the amount of tax benefits, if any, that GoHealth, Inc. actually realizes (or in some circumstances is deemed to realize) as a result of (1) GoHealth, Inc.’s allocable share of existing tax basis acquired in connection with the Transactions (including the Blocker Company’s share of existing tax basis) and increases to such allocable share of existing tax basis; (2) increases in tax basis resulting from (a) GoHealth, Inc.’s purchase of LLC Interests directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC and the partial redemption of LLC Interests by GoHealth Holdings, LLC, as described under “Use of Proceeds,” (b) future redemptions or exchanges (or deemed exchanges in certain circumstances) of LLC Interests for Class A common stock or cash as described above under “—Redemption rights of holders of LLC Interests” and (c) certain distributions (or deemed distributions) by GoHealth Holdings, LLC; and (3) certain additional tax benefits arising from payments made under the Tax Receivable Agreement. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement” for a discussion of the Tax Receivable Agreement.


 

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Registration rights agreement

Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, we will, subject to the terms and conditions thereof, agree to register the resale of the shares of our Class A common stock that are issuable to certain of the Continuing Equity Owners in connection with the Transactions. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Registration Rights Agreement” for a discussion of the Registration Rights Agreement.

 

Risk factors

See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 31 and other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in shares of our Class A common stock.

 

Trading symbol

We have applied to list our Class A common stock on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “GHTH.”

 

Directed share program

At our request, the underwriters have reserved for sale, at the initial public offering price, up to 5% of the Class A common stock offered by this prospectus for sale to some of our directors, officers and employees through a directed share program, or Directed Share Program. If these persons purchase reserved shares, it will reduce the number of shares of Class A common stock available for sale to the general public. Any reserved shares of Class A common stock that are not so purchased will be offered by the underwriters to the general public on the same terms as the other shares of Class A common stock offered by this prospectus. See “Underwriting—Directed Share Program.”

Unless we indicate otherwise or the context otherwise requires, all information in this prospectus:

 

   

gives effect to the amendment and restatement of the GoHealth Holdings, LLC Agreement that converts all existing ownership interests in GoHealth Holdings, LLC into                 LLC Interests, as well as the filing of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation;

 

   

gives effect to the other Transactions, including the consummation of this offering;

 

   

excludes                shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under our 2020 Equity Plan, or 2020 Plan, including approximately                shares of Class A common stock issuable pursuant to stock options we intend to grant to certain of our directors, executive officers and other employees in connection with this offering as described under the captions “Executive Compensation—                ” and “Executive Compensation—                ;”

 

   

assumes an initial public offering price of $                per share of Class A common stock, which is the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus; and

 

   

assumes no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase                additional shares of Class A common stock from us.

Pursuant to the terms of the Existing LLC Agreement, the split between the number of LLC Interests will vary depending on the initial public offering price in this offering. The initial public offering price will also impact the relative allocation of LLC Interests issued in the Transactions among the Original Equity Owners and, in turn, the shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock issued to the Original Equity Owners in the



 

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Transactions. Additionally, while the number of shares of Class A common stock being offered hereby to the public will not change, any increase or decrease in the number of shares of Class A common stock sold by GoHealth, Inc. in this offering due to a change in the initial public offering price will result in a corresponding increase or decrease in the number of LLC Interests purchased by GoHealth, Inc. directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC at a price per unit equal to the initial public offering price per share of Class A common stock in this offering. Therefore, the indirect economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC represented by the shares of Class A common stock sold in this offering will be largely unaffected by the initial public offering price.

For illustrative purposes only, the table below shows the number of shares of Class A common stock we are selling in this offering (assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock from us), along with the number of LLC Interests that GoHealth, Inc. will purchase directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC and indirectly from certain of the Continuing Equity Owners (including the Blocker Shareholders) at various initial public offering prices:

 

     Class A
Common Stock
offered by
GoHealth, Inc.
     LLC Interests
purchased by
GoHealth, Inc.
     LLC Interests
held by Continuing
Equity Owners and
Indirectly Purchased by
GoHealth, Inc.
 

$            

        

$            

        

$            

        

$            

        

For illustrative purposes only, the table below shows the number of LLC Interests, shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock outstanding after giving effect to the Transactions and this offering (assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock from us) at various initial public offering prices:

 

     LLC Interests
held by Continuing
Equity Owners (excluding
Centerbridge)
     LLC Interests held
by Centerbridge
     LLC Interests
held by
GoHealth, Inc.
     Class A
Common Stock
    

Class B

Common
Stock

 

$            

              

$            

              

$            

              

$            

              

For illustrative purposes only, the table below shows the combined voting power in GoHealth, Inc. and the combined direct or indirect (in the case of the Continuing Equity Owners and Centerbridge, through GoHealth, Inc.’s ownership of LLC Interests) economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC of certain holders of shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock after giving effect to the Transactions and this offering (assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock from us) at various initial public offering prices:

 

     Continuing
Equity Owners (excluding
Centerbridge)
     Centerbridge    Investors
in this
Offering
 
     Voting Power      Economic Interest      Voting Power    Economic Interest    Voting Power      Economic Interest  

$            

              

$            

              

$            

              

$            

              


 

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Summary Historical and Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial and Other Data

The following tables present the summary historical consolidated financial and other data for GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries and the summary pro forma condensed consolidated financial and other data for GoHealth, Inc. GoHealth Holdings, LLC is the predecessor of GoHealth, Inc. for financial reporting purposes. The summary consolidated statements of operations data and statements of cash flows data for the period from September 13, 2019 through December 31, 2019 (Successor), the period from January 1, 2019 through September 12, 2019 (Predecessor) and the year ended December 31, 2018 (Predecessor), and the summary consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2019 are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of GoHealth Holdings, LLC included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary condensed consolidated statements of operations data and statements of cash flows data for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, and the summary condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2020, are derived from the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of GoHealth Holdings, LLC included elsewhere in this prospectus. The results of operations for the periods presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period. The information set forth below should be read together with the “Selected Historical Condensed Consolidated Financial Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The summary unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial data of GoHealth, Inc. presented below have been derived from our unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and for the Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period gives effect to the Centerbridge Acquisition and the Transactions, including the consummation of this offering and the use of proceeds therefrom, as described in “Our Organizational Structure” and “Use of Proceeds,” as if all such transactions had occurred on January 1, 2019 in the case of the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statements of operations data, and as of March 31, 2020, in the case of the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated balance sheet data. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information includes various estimates which are subject to material change and may not be indicative of what our operations or financial position would have been had this offering and related transactions taken place on the dates indicated, or that may be expected to occur in the future. See “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information” for a complete description of the adjustments and assumptions underlying the summary unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information.



 

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The summary historical consolidated financial and other data of GoHealth, Inc. has not been presented because GoHealth, Inc. is a newly incorporated entity, has had no business transactions or activities to date and had no assets or liabilities during the periods presented in this section.

 

    Pro Forma
GoHealth, Inc.
    Historical GoHealth Holdings, LLC  
    Three
Months Ended
March 31,
2020
    Year Ended
December 31,
2019 
    Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Successor
2019 Period
    Predecessor
2019 Period
    Year Ended
December 31,
2018
(Predecessor)
 
(in thousands, except per share data)   2020
(Successor)
    2019
(Predecessor)
 

Consolidated Statement of Operations:

               

Net revenues:

               

Commission

  $                   $                   $ 112,510     $ 51,215     $ 243,347     $ 175,834     $ 144,378  

Other

        28,500       17,874       65,144       55,176       81,827  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net revenues

        141,010       69,089       308,491       231,010       226,205  

Operating expenses:

               

Cost of revenue

        42,134       27,552       90,384       79,169       79,582  

Marketing and advertising

        26,073       11,411       24,811       37,769       28,129  

Customer care and enrollment

        23,978       13,939       44,356       49,149       46,076  

Technology

        4,593       4,155       6,006       40,312       16,197  

General and administrative

        10,491       6,990       13,674       79,219       27,458  

Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability

        4,400       —         70,700       —       —  

Amortization of intangible assets

        23,514       —         28,217       —       —  

Transaction costs

        —         —         6,245       2,267       —  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

        135,183       64,047       284,393       287,885       197,442  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) from operations

        5,827       5,042       24,098       (56,875     28,763  

Interest expense

        6,756       28       8,076       140       224  

Other income (expense)

        10       10       17       (114     (379
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes

        (939     5,004       16,039       (57,129     28,160  

Income tax expense (benefit)

        (2     2       44       (66     46  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  $       $       $ (937   $ 5,002     $ 15,995     $ (57,063   $ 28,114  

Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests

        —         —         —       —       (3
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to GoHealth Holdings, LLC and subsidiaries

  $       $       $ (937   $ 5,002     $ 15,995     $ (57,063   $  28,117  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Pro Forma Net Loss per Share Data:

               

Pro forma weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding:

               

Basic

               

Diluted

               

Pro forma net loss available to Class A common stock per share:

               

Basic

  $         $              

Diluted

  $         $              

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Data:

               

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities

      $ 23,587     $ 1,222     $ (9,284   $  9,281     $ 5,443  

Net cash used in investing activities

        (3,522     (1,944     (810,010     (5,597     (6,170

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

        120,167       1,147       830,879       (3,449     63  


 

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Table of Contents
     Pro Forma
GoHealth, Inc.
     Historical GoHealth
Holdings, LLC
 
(in thousands)    March 31,
2020
     March 31,
2020

(Successor)
     December 31,
2019

(Predecessor)
 

Consolidated Balance Sheet:

        

Cash and cash equivalents

   $                    $ 152,423      $ 12,276  

Total assets

        1,709,649        1,602,295  

Total liabilities

        840,047        742,151  

Total members’ equity

        869,602        860,144  

 

    Pro Forma GoHealth,
Inc.
                               
(in thousands, except percentages)   Three
Months
Ended
March 31,
2020
    Year Ended
December 31,
2019 (1) 
    Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Successor
2019 Period
    Predecessor
2019 Period
    Year Ended
December 31,
2018
(Predecessor)
 
  2020
(Successor)
    2019
(Predecessor)
 

Selected Non-GAAP Financial Data:

               

EBITDA(2)

  $                   $ 96,474     $ 29,965     $ 6,569     $ 52,853     $ (52,742   $ 34,544  

Adjusted EBITDA(2)

  $       $ 169,994     $ 34,921     $ 7,135     $ 130,465     $ 39,973     $ 34,863  

Adjusted EBITDA margin(2)

    %       31.5     24.8     10.3     42.3     17.3     15.4

 

    Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Year Ended
December 31,
2019
    Successor
2019 Period
    Predecessor
2019 Period
    Year Ended
December 31,
2018
(Predecessor)
 
  2020     2019  

Other Operating Data(3):

             

LTV/CAC (Medicare—Internal segment)

    2.7x       1.7x       3.8x       5.1x       2.7x       2.7x  

Cost per Qualified Prospect (Medicare—Internal segment)

  $ 57     $ 87     $ 63     $ 53     $ 77     $ 48  

Total Medicare Submitted Policies

    132,014       43,283       427,697       268,882       158,815       118,376  

Medicare—Internal Commissionable Approved Submissions

    86,604       22,114       265,584       170,764       94,820       57,744  

Medicare—External Commissionable Approved Submissions

    34,326       20,319       120,676       62,673       58,003       57,947  

LTV Per Approved Submission—Medicare Advantage (Medicare segments)

  $ 857     $ 860     $ 978     $ 1,024     $ 906     $ 936  

LTV Per Approved Submission—Medicare Supplement (Medicare segments)

  $ 920     $ 926     $ 957     $ 944     $ 964     $ 798  

LTV Per Approved Submission—Prescription Drug Plans (Medicare segments)

  $ 215     $ 191     $ 206     $ 213     $ 194     $ 190  

Total Submitted Policies (IFP and Other segments)

    38,002       53,886       296,772       146,228       150,544       207,695  

 

(1)

The financial information presented for the Pro Forma Fiscal Year 2019 give effect to the Centerbridge Acquisition, but does not give effect to the adjustments for the Transactions, including adjustments related to this offering and the other adjustments described in the section titled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information.” Such adjustments will be included in a subsequent filing based on the actual initial public offering price, the number of shares sold in this offering, and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

(2)

We use supplemental measures of our performance that are derived from our consolidated financial information, but which are not presented in our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures include net income (loss) before interest expense, income



 

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  tax expense (benefit) and depreciation and amortization expense, or EBITDA; Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin. Adjusted EBITDA is the primary financial performance measure used by management to evaluate its business and monitor its results of operations.

Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA as further adjusted for share-based compensation, change in fair value of earnout liability, Centerbridge Acquisition costs and severance costs.

Adjusted EBITDA margin represents Adjusted EBITDA divided by net revenues.

We use non-GAAP financial measures to supplement financial information presented on a GAAP basis. We believe that excluding certain items from our GAAP results allows management to better understand our consolidated financial performance from period to period and better project our future consolidated financial performance as forecasts are developed at a level of detail different from that used to prepare GAAP-based financial measures. Moreover, we believe these non-GAAP financial measures provide our stakeholders with useful information to help them evaluate our operating results by facilitating an enhanced understanding of our operating performance and enabling them to make more meaningful period to period comparisons. There are limitations to the use of the non-GAAP financial measures presented in this prospectus. For example, our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate non-GAAP financial measures differently than we do, limiting the usefulness of those measures for comparative purposes.

The non-GAAP financial measures are not meant to be considered as indicators of performance in isolation from or as a substitute for net income (loss) prepared in accordance with GAAP, and should be read only in conjunction with financial information presented on a GAAP basis. Reconciliations of each of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to its most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, net income (loss), are presented below. We encourage you to review the reconciliations in conjunction with the presentation of the non-GAAP financial measures for each of the periods presented. In future periods, we may exclude such items, may incur income and expenses similar to these excluded items and include other expenses, costs and non-recurring items. The tables below provide reconciliations of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) on a consolidated basis for the periods indicated.



 

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EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:

 

    Pro Forma GoHealth, Inc.                                
    Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2020
    Year Ended
December 31,
2019 
    Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Successor
2019 Period
    Predecessor
2019 Period
    Year Ended
December 31,
2018
(Predecessor)
 
(in thousands)   2020
(Successor)
    2019
(Predecessor)
 

Net income (loss)

  $                   $ (29,501   $ (937   $ 5,002     $ 15,995     $ (57,063   $ 28,114  

Interest expense

      27,172       6,756       28       8,076       140       224  

Income tax expense (benefit)

      (22     (2     2       44       (66     46  

Depreciation and amortization expense

      98,825       24,147       1,538       28,738       4,247       6,160  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

EBITDA

      96,474       29,965       6,569       52,853       (52,742     34,544  

Share-based compensation(a)

      1,853       479       —         448       87,060       —    

Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability(b)

      70,700       4,400       —         70,700       —         —    

Centerbridge Acquisition costs(c)

      —         —         —         6,245       4,908       —    

Severance costs(d)

      966       77       566       219       747       319  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA

  $       $ 169,994     $ 34,921     $ 7,135     $ 130,465     $ 39,973     $ 34,863  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

  (a)

Represents non-cash share-based compensation expense in connection with profits interests and incentive share units. Share-based compensation expense for the Predecessor 2019 Period is fully attributable to the automatic acceleration of legacy profits interests and legacy incentive share units in connection with the Centerbridge Acquisition and is allocated to the marketing and advertising, technology and general and administrative line items in the income statement based on the department of the individual who received the compensation.

  (b)

Represents the fair value of the earnout liability due to the predecessor owners of the Company arising from the Centerbridge Acquisition. Prior to the consummation of this offering, we intend to update the disclosure as necessary for the resolution of the earnout liability.

  (c)

Represents legal, accounting, consulting, and other costs related to the Centerbridge Acquisition.

  (d)

Represents costs associated with the termination of employment.

 

(3)

For definitions and further information about how we calculate other operating data, please see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Business and Operating Metrics by Segment.”



 

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Table of Contents

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our Class A common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, before deciding to invest in our Class A common stock. The occurrence of any of the events described below could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In such an event, the market price of our Class A common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Risks Related to Our Business

The marketing and sale of Medicare plans are subject to numerous, complex and frequently changing laws, regulations and guidelines, and non-compliance with or changes in laws, regulations and guidelines could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our business and operating results are heavily dependent on marketing and selling Medicare plans. The marketing and sale of Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D prescription drug plans are principally regulated by CMS, but are also subject to state laws. The marketing and sale of Medicare Supplement plans are principally regulated on a state-by-state basis by state departments of insurance or equivalent state departments. The laws and regulations applicable to the marketing and sale of Medicare plans are numerous, ambiguous and complex, and, particularly with respect to regulations and guidance issued by CMS for Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D prescription drug plans are frequently changing. We have and will continue to take steps to ensure compliance with laws, regulations and guidelines applicable to the sale and marketing of Medicare plans. For example, we have tailored our websites and sales processes for Medicare plans to comply with several requirements that are solely applicable to the sale and marketing of Medicare-related health insurance plans. Many aspects of our online platforms and our marketing material and processes, as well as changes to these platforms, materials and processes, including call center scripts, must be filed with CMS and reviewed and approved by carriers in light of CMS requirements. In addition, certain aspects of our Medicare plan marketing partner relationships have been in the past, and will be in the future, subjected to CMS review and carrier review. Changes to the laws, regulations and guidelines relating to the sale and marketing of Medicare plans, their interpretation or the manner in which they are enforced could be incompatible with these relationships, the manner in which we conduct our business, our platforms or our sale of Medicare plans, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

CMS scrutinizes Medicare carriers and Medicare carriers may be held responsible for actions that we and our agents take. As a result, carriers may terminate their relationship with us or take other corrective action against us if our Medicare product sales, marketing or operations are not in compliance with Medicare or other requirements or give rise to too many complaints. See “—Our business may be harmed if we lose our relationship with carriers or if our relationships with carriers change, particularly if we or our contracted carriers temporarily or permanently lose the ability to market and sell Medicare plans.”

Due to potential changes in CMS guidance, enforcement, interpretation or, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, waivers, of existing laws, regulations and guidance applicable to our marketing and sale of Medicare products, or as a result of new laws, regulations and guidelines, CMS, state departments of insurance or carriers may object to or not approve aspects of our online platforms or marketing materials and processes and determine that certain existing aspects of our Medicare-related business are not in compliance with the applicable laws, regulations and guidance. As a result, the progress of our Medicare operations could be slowed or we could be prevented from operating aspects of our Medicare revenue generating activities altogether, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition, particularly if it occurred during the Medicare annual enrollment period.

 

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Our business may be harmed if we lose our relationship with carriers or if our relationships with carriers change, particularly if we or our contracted carriers temporarily or permanently lose the ability to market and sell Medicare plans.

Our contractual relationships with carriers, including those with whom we have carrier-branded sales arrangements, are typically non-exclusive and terminable on short notice by either party for any reason. Carriers may be unwilling to allow us to sell their insurance products for a variety of reasons, including competitive or regulatory reasons, dissatisfaction with the insureds that we place with them or because they do not want to be associated with our brand. Additionally, in the future, an increasing number of carriers may decide to rely on their own internal distribution channels, including traditional in-house agents and their own websites, to sell their own products, which could limit or prohibit us from distributing their products. Also, because we do not have exclusive relationships with carriers, carriers can and do use our competitors to sell their products.

If a carrier is not satisfied with our services, it could cause us to incur additional costs and impact our profitability. For example, a carrier could terminate our services, decrease our commissions going forward or restrict our ability to market their products. Moreover, if we fail to meet our contractual obligations to any of our carriers, we could be subject to legal liability or lose our carrier relationships. In addition, these claims against us may produce negative publicity that could hurt our reputation and business and adversely affect our ability to retain business, find new consumers to sell products to or secure new business with other carriers.

In addition, with respect to the plans we sell in the IFP and Other segments and Medicare Supplement plans, carriers periodically change the criteria they use for determining whether they are willing to insure individuals. Future changes in carrier underwriting criteria could negatively impact sales of, or the renewal or approval rates of, insurance policies on our platform, which could negatively impact our revenue.

We may decide to terminate our relationship with a carrier for a number of reasons and the termination of our relationship with a carrier could reduce the variety of insurance products we distribute. In connection with such a termination, we would lose a source of commissions for future sales, and, in a limited number of cases, future commissions for past sales. Our business could also be harmed if we fail to develop new carrier relationships or offer customers a wide variety of insurance products.

We may also lose the ability to market and sell Medicare plans for one or more Medicare carriers. The regulations for selling Medicare health insurance are complex and can change frequently and may change in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. If we, our agents, or a carrier violate any of the requirements imposed by CMS, or federal or state laws or regulations, a carrier may terminate our relationship, or CMS may penalize a carrier by suspending, limiting, or terminating that carrier’s ability to market and sell Medicare plans. Moreover, if any of our carriers terminate its relationship with us for cause, we may have to disclose such termination to other carriers, which may result in termination of additional carrier relationships. Because the Medicare products we sell are sourced from a relatively small number of carriers, if we lose the ability to market one of those carrier’s Medicare plans, even temporarily, or if one of those carriers loses its Medicare product membership, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

Our failure to grow our customer base or retain our existing customers could adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition.

We receive commissions from carriers for health insurance plans sold through us. When one of these plans is canceled, or if we otherwise do not remain the agent on the plan, we no longer receive the related commission payment and do not receive any commissions from renewals. Our customers may choose to discontinue their health insurance plans for a variety of reasons. Any decrease in the amount of time we retain our customers could adversely impact the estimated LTV we use for purposes of recognizing revenue. See “—Our operating results may be adversely impacted by factors that impact our estimate of LTV.” Moreover, if we are not able to successfully retain existing customers and limit health insurance plan turnover, our cash flows from operations will be adversely impacted and our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

 

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In addition, in certain circumstances, the Medicare-related commission rates that we receive may be higher in the first calendar year of a plan if the plan is the first Medicare Advantage plan issued to the customer. Similarly, the individual and family plans commission rates that we receive are typically higher in the first twelve months of a policy. After the first twelve months, they generally decline significantly. As a result, if we do not add a sufficient number of customers to new plans, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

Our business primarily generates revenue through the sale of Medicare Advantage plans. In some instances, traditional Medicare may be more attractive than Medicare Advantage because, for example, potential provider network restrictions imposed by Medicare Advantage plans do not exist in traditional Medicare, allowing patients with traditional Medicare to visit any doctor that accepts Medicare. In those instances, consumers may opt not to purchase a Medicare Advantage plan from us.

In general, the growth in our customer base is highly dependent upon our success in attracting new customers during the Medicare annual enrollment period. In 2019, approximately 61% of our Medicare Advantage and Medicare Supplement policies were submitted during the three months ended December 31, 2019. If our ability to market and sell Medicare-related health insurance and individual and family plans is constrained during an enrollment period for any reason, such as technology failures, reduced allocation of resources, any inability to timely employ, license, train, certify and retain our employees and our contractors and their agents to sell plans, interruptions in the operation of our website or systems, disruptions caused by other external factors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, or issues with government-run health insurance exchanges, we could acquire fewer customers or suffer a reduction in our existing customer base and our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

Carriers may reduce the commissions paid to us and change their underwriting practices in ways that reduce the number of, or impact the renewal or approval rates of, insurance policies sold through our platform, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our commission rates from carriers are either set by each carrier or negotiated between us and each carrier. The commission rates we are paid are, for any given plan for a given customer, based on a number factors, including the carriers offering those plans, the state of residence of customers, the laws and regulations in the jurisdictions where the customer is located, and the customer’s previous Medicare enrollment history (if any). Carriers have the right to alter these commission rates with relatively short notice and have altered, and may in the future alter, the contractual relationships we have with them, including, in certain instances by unilateral amendment of our contracts relating to commission rates or otherwise. For example, CMS could reduce the amount paid by CMS to Medicare Advantage plans or change the regulations and/or timelines applicable to the Medicare Advantage program, particularly in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which could result in decreased commission rates or reduce carrier participation in the Medicare Advantage program. Changes of this nature could result in reduced commissions, or could impact our relationship with such carriers and potentially lead to contract termination. Because revenue in the Medicare segments is concentrated in a relatively small number of carriers, we are particularly vulnerable to changes in commission rates and changes in the competitiveness of our carriers’ Medicare products.

Significant consolidation in the health insurance industry could adversely alter our relationships with carriers and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

The health insurance industry in the United States has experienced a substantial amount of consolidation, resulting in a decrease in the number of carriers. Consolidation in the health insurance industry, particularly involving one of our key carriers, could cause a loss of, or changes in, our relationship with that carrier and may reduce our commission or other revenue from that carrier. In the future, due to this consolidation, we may be forced to offer health insurance from a reduced number of carriers or to derive a greater portion of our revenue from a more concentrated number of carriers as our business and the health insurance industry evolve. Additionally, mergers among carriers or an acquisition of one carrier by another carrier may trigger changes to

 

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our agreements with such carriers. For example, carriers may unilaterally amend or terminate our agreements on short notice, which could adversely impact or terminate the commission payments that we receive from these carriers. Our revenue could be adversely impacted if we are unable to maintain currently existing levels of business with any of our significant carriers if we are unable to offset any loss of business with alternative carriers. We expect that a small number of carriers will account for a significant portion of our revenue for the foreseeable future and any impairment of our relationship with, or the material financial impairment of, these carriers could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. See “—We currently depend on a small group of carriers for a substantial portion of our revenue.”

Information technology system failures could interrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to sell insurance is dependent upon our information technology systems. In connection with sales of Medicare plans, CMS rules require that our health insurance agent employees utilize CMS-approved scripts and that we record and maintain the recording of telephonic interactions. We rely on telephone, call recording, customer relationship management and other systems and technology in our sales operations to sell Medicare plans, and we are dependent upon third parties for some of these systems and technologies, including our telephone services, which are provided by Five9, call recording systems and other communications systems. Carriers often audit these recordings for compliance purposes and listen to them in connection with investigating complaints. We have had in the past, and may in the future, experience failures of certain of our systems, including our telephone and call recording systems. For example, we have experienced failures of our systems due to power outages, which have negatively impacted our ability to sell plans. The effectiveness and stability of our systems and technology are critical to our ability to sell Medicare plans, particularly during the Medicare enrollment periods and the failure or interruption of any of these systems and technologies or any inability to handle increased business volume may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition and subject us to litigation or to actions by regulatory authorities.

Our operating results may be adversely impacted by factors that impact our estimate of LTV.

As a result of the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, we recognize revenue at the time a Submitted Policy becomes an Approved Policy by applying the latest estimated LTV for that product. We estimate commission revenue for each product by using a portfolio approach to a group of approved customers that are organized based on a variety of attributes, which we refer to as “cohorts.” We estimate the cash commissions we expect to collect for each approved customer cohort by evaluating various factors, including, but not limited to, commission rates, carriers, estimated average plan duration, the regulatory environment, and historic cancellations of health insurance plans offered by carriers with which we have a relationship. On a quarterly basis, we recompute LTV at a cohort level for all outstanding cohorts, review and monitor changes in the data used to estimate LTV as well as the cash received for each cohort as compared to our original estimates. The fluctuations of cash received for each cohort and LTV may be significant and may or may not be indicative of the need to adjust LTVs for prior period cohorts. Management analyzes these fluctuations and, to the extent we see changes in our estimates of the cash commission collections that we believe are indicative of an increase or decrease to prior period LTVs, we will adjust LTVs for the affected cohorts at the time such determination is made. Changes in LTV may result in an increase or a decrease to revenue and a corresponding increase or decrease to commissions receivable, accordingly. We refer to the net commission revenue from customers approved in prior periods as “adjustment revenue” and our revenue can fluctuate significantly from period to period as a result of adjustment revenue.

As we continue to evaluate our LTV estimation models, we may in the future make further changes based on a number of factors and such changes could result in significant increases or decreases in revenue. LTVs are estimates and are based on a number of assumptions, which include, but are not limited to, estimates of the conversion rates of commissionable Approved Submissions into customers, forecasted average plan duration and forecasted commission rates we expect to receive per approved customer’s plan. These assumptions are based on

 

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historical trends and require significant judgment by our management in interpreting those trends. Changes in our historical trends will result in changes to our LTV estimates in future periods and, therefore, could adversely affect our revenue and financial results in those future periods. As a result, negative changes in the factors upon which we estimate LTVs, such as reduced conversion of commissionable Approved Submissions to customers, increased health insurance plan termination or a reduction in the lifetime commission amounts we expect to receive for selling the plan to a customer or other changes could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, if we ultimately receive commission payments that are less than the amount we estimated when we recognized commission revenues, we would need to write off the remaining commissions receivable balance, which could materially adversely impact our operating results and financial condition.

The forecasted average plan duration is another important factor in our estimation of LTV. We receive commissions from carriers for policies sold through us that go on to become customers of those carriers. When one of these plans is canceled, or if we otherwise do not remain the agent on the policy, we no longer receive the related commission payment. Our forecasted average plan duration and health insurance plan termination rates are calculated based on our historical data by plan type and for certain products, such as our Medicare Advantage products which constitute the majority of our revenue, and if we are unable to produce an accurate forecasted average plan duration, our business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely impacted.

Additionally, from time to time, carriers may stop offering products in a geographic area. While in many cases, carriers will still support existing customers in those geographic areas, because they are no longer offering new plans, the retention of those customers may be adversely impacted, thereby impacting our expected LTV.

Commission rates are also a factor in estimating our LTVs, which are impacted by a variety of factors, including the particular health insurance plans chosen by our customers, the carriers offering those plans, our customers’ states of residence, the laws and regulations in those jurisdictions, the average premiums of plans purchased through us and healthcare reform. Any reduction in our average commission revenue per customer could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

System failures or capacity constraints could harm our business, financial condition and operating results.

The performance, reliability and availability of our technology platform and underlying network infrastructures are critical to our financial results, our brand and our relationship with customers, marketing partners and carriers. Although we regularly attempt to enhance our technology platform and system infrastructure, system failures and interruptions may occur if we are unsuccessful in these efforts, if we are unable to accurately project the rate or timing of increases in our website traffic or inbound call volume or for other reasons, some of which are completely outside our control. Additionally, we are also reliant on the systems of our carriers to submit plan enrollment applications from potential customers. We have in the past, and could in the future, experience significant failures and interruptions of our systems and the systems of our carriers, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition. If these failures or interruptions occurred during the Medicare annual enrollment period or during the open enrollment period under healthcare reform, the negative impact on us would be particularly pronounced.

We rely in part upon third-party vendors, including data center and bandwidth providers, to operate our technology platform. We cannot predict whether additional network capacity will be available from these vendors as we need it, and our network or our suppliers’ networks might be unable to achieve or maintain a sufficiently high capacity of data transmission to allow us to process health insurance applications in a timely manner or effectively download data, especially if our website traffic increases. For example, a rapid expansion of our business could affect the service levels at our data centers or cause such data centers and systems to fail. Any system failure or service level reduction that causes an interruption to, or decreases the responsiveness of, our services would impair our revenue-generating capabilities and damage our reputation. In addition, any loss of data could result in loss of customers and subject us to potential liability. Our databases and systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from human error, fire, floods, power loss, telecommunications failures,

 

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physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses, acts of terrorism, other attempts to harm our systems and similar events. In addition, our operations are vulnerable to earthquakes, fires, severe weather, pandemics and other natural disasters in Illinois, North Carolina, Utah, Honduras, Slovakia and other parts of the world where we, our agents and vendors operate.

The owners of our data center facilities and our other third-party vendors have no obligation to renew their agreements with us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. If we are unable to renew these agreements on commercially reasonable terms, or if one of our data center operators is acquired, we may be required to transfer our servers and other infrastructure to new data center facilities, and we may incur significant costs and possible service interruption in connection with doing so. Problems faced by our third-party data center locations with the telecommunications network providers with whom we or they contract, or with the systems by which our telecommunications providers allocate capacity among their clients, including us, could adversely affect the experience of our clients and consumers. Our third-party data center operators could decide to close their facilities without adequate notice. In addition, any financial difficulties, such as bankruptcy faced by our third-party data centers, operators or any of the service providers with whom we or they contract may have negative effects on our business, the nature and extent of which are difficult to predict.

Our ability to sell Medicare-related health insurance plans is largely dependent on our licensed health insurance agents.

The success of our operations is largely dependent on our licensed health insurance agents, upon whom we rely to sell insurance. In order to sell Medicare-related health insurance plans, agents must be licensed by the states in which they are selling plans and certified and appointed with the carrier that offers the plans in each applicable state. Because a significant number of Medicare plans are sold in the fourth quarter each year during the Medicare annual enrollment period, we retain and train a significant number of additional employees in a limited period of time. We must also ensure that our agents are timely licensed in a significant number of states and certified and appointed with the carriers whose products we sell. We depend upon our employees, state departments of insurance and carriers for the licensing, certification and appointment of our agents. We may not be successful in timely hiring or sourcing a sufficient number of additional agents or other employees needed to operate our business. Even if we are successful in hiring or sourcing a sufficient number of agents, we may experience temporary shortages of agents due to illness, poor weather conditions or other natural disasters, personal emergencies and other events outside our control. See “—The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak and measures taken in response thereto impact our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.”

We have recently implemented a work from home program for our agents, partly in response to the effects from the COVID-19 pandemic. It may be more difficult for us to manage and monitor our agents in remote settings and we may have to expend more management time and incur more costs to do so. Agents may also face additional distractions working from home that may prevent them from efficiently selling plans. If our agents are not able to effectively work from home, we may not be able to sell as many plans, which would negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our success in recruiting highly skilled and qualified agents can depend on factors outside of our control, including the strength of the general economy and local employment markets and the availability of alternative forms of employment. During periods when we are unable to recruit high-performing agents, we tend to experience higher turnover rates. The productivity of our agents is influenced by their average tenure. Without qualified individuals to serve in customer facing roles, we may produce less commission revenue, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

 

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Changes and developments in the health insurance system and laws and regulations governing the health insurance markets in the United States could materially adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and qualified prospects.

Our business depends upon the public and private sector of the U.S. insurance system, which is subject to a changing regulatory environment. Accordingly, the future financial performance of our business will depend in part on our ability to adapt to regulatory developments, including changes in laws and regulations or changes to interpretations of such laws or regulations, especially laws and regulations governing Medicare. For example, in March 2010, the ACA became law. The ACA substantially changed the way healthcare is financed by both commercial and government payers and contains a number of provisions that impact our business and operations, including the expansion of Medicaid eligibility to additional categories of individuals. Since its enactment, there have been judicial and Congressional challenges to certain aspects of the ACA, and we expect there will be additional challenges and amendments to the ACA in the future. On December 14, 2018, a Texas U.S. District Court Judge ruled that the ACA is unconstitutional in its entirety because the “individual mandate” was repealed by Congress as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. On December 18, 2019, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit ruled that the individual mandate was unconstitutional and remanded the case back to the District Court to determine whether the remaining provisions of the ACA are invalid as well. On March 2, 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court granted the petitions for writs of certiorari to review the case, although it is unclear when a decision will be made or how the Supreme Court will rule.

Additionally, ongoing health reform efforts and measures may expand the role of government-sponsored coverage, including single payer or so called “Medicare-for-All” proposals, which could have far-reaching implications for the insurance industry if enacted. Some proposals would seek to eliminate the private marketplace, whereas others would expand a government-sponsored option to a larger population. We are unable to predict the full impact of healthcare reform initiatives on our operations in light of the uncertainty of whether initiatives will be successful and the uncertainty regarding the terms and timing of any provisions enacted and the impact of any of those provisions on various healthcare and insurance industry participants. In particular, because our platform provides customers with a venue to shop for insurance policies from a curated panel of the nation’s leading carriers, the expansion of government-sponsored coverage through “Medicare-for-All” or the implantation of a single payer system may materially and adversely impact our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects. We expect there will be continuing efforts to challenge, repeal, or replace the ACA, which may have a material impact on our business by eliminating Medicaid eligibility for certain patients and reducing the size of the SNP-eligible population.

Changes in laws, regulations and guidelines governing health insurance may also be incompatible with various aspects of our business and require that we make significant modifications to our existing technology or practices, which may be costly and time-consuming to implement and could also harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We have received, and may in the future receive, inquiries from regulators regarding our marketing and business practices and compliance with laws and regulations. We may be required to modify our practices in connection with the inquiries. Failure to adequately respond to such inquiries could result in adverse regulatory action that could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. See “—The marketing and sale of Medicare plans are subject to numerous, complex and frequently changing laws, regulations and guidelines, and non-compliance with or changes in laws, regulations and guidelines could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.”

Additionally, some carriers provide us with marketing development funds, consistent with CMS regulations. If regulatory developments limit or remove the ability for carriers to compensate us through these funds, or the government determines that our arrangements do not meet the regulatory requirements, the compensation we receive from carriers would decline, which would materially and adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition.

 

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Various aspects of healthcare reform could also cause carriers to discontinue certain health insurance products or prohibit us from distributing certain health insurance products in particular jurisdictions. Our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects may be materially and adversely affected if we are unable to adapt to developments in healthcare reform in the United States.

Our business could be harmed if we are unable to effectively advertise our products on a cost-effective basis or market the availability of our products through specific channels.

We use the Internet, television, radio, mail, e-mail and the telephone, among other channels, to market our services and to communicate with qualified prospects or our existing customers. Some of our competitors have greater financial resources, which enable them to purchase significantly more advertising than we are able to purchase. Further, the cost of marketing and advertising may fluctuate significantly based on demand. If the cost of marketing and advertising increases for any reason, we may not be able to purchase as many advertisements as we typically would or would have to incur greater costs to do so. For example, we expect a significant increase in the demand for television and radio advertisements as we approach the U.S. presidential election in November 2020. The election coincides with the Medicare annual enrollment period, which is a period of heightened television and radio advertising for our business. As a result of this increase in demand and costs, we may not be able to purchase all of the television and radio advertising we typically purchase during a Medicare annual enrollment period or we may have to pay more to purchase television and radio advertisements, which could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, we derive a significant portion of our website traffic from consumers who search for health insurance through Internet search engines and through social media. A critical factor in attracting consumers to our website is whether we are prominently displayed in response to an Internet search relating to health insurance or on a social media platform. Search engines typically provide two types of search results, algorithmic listings and paid advertisements. We rely primarily on paid advertisements to attract consumers to our websites and otherwise generate demand for our services. To the extent the competition for advertising is high, we may experience increases in the cost of paid Internet search advertising and social media advertising. Further, the competition for search engine placement and social media presence increases substantially during the enrollment periods for Medicare-related health insurance and for individual and family health insurance. If paid search advertising costs or social media advertising costs increase or become cost prohibitive, whether as a result of competition, algorithm changes or otherwise, our advertising expenses could rise significantly or we could reduce or discontinue our paid search advertisements or social media advertisements, in either case which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our ability to advertise is also dependent on the laws and regulations governing the advertising and marketing of health insurance products and our other products or services, which continue to evolve and carry significant penalties for violations of law. Changes in technology, the marketplace or consumer preferences may lead to the adoption of additional laws or regulations or changes in interpretation of existing laws or regulations. If new laws or regulations are adopted, or existing laws and regulations are interpreted or enforced, to impose additional restrictions on our ability to advertise to our customers or qualified prospects, we may not be able to communicate with them in a cost-effective manner.

For example, Internet service providers, e-mail service providers and others attempt to block the transmission of unsolicited e-mail, commonly known as “spam.” Many Internet and e-mail service providers have relationships with organizations whose purpose it is to detect and notify the Internet and e-mail service providers of entities that the organization believes are sending unsolicited e-mail. If an Internet or e-mail service provider identifies e-mail from us as “spam” as a result of reports from these organizations or otherwise, we can be placed on a restricted list that will block our e-mail to customers or qualified prospects. Further, we are subject to the CAN-SPAM Act, which regulates commercial e-mail messages and specifies penalties for the transmission of commercial e-mail messages that do not comply with certain requirements, such as providing an opt-out mechanism for stopping future e-mails from senders.

 

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We also use telephones to communicate with and market to customers and prospective customers and some of these communications may be subject to the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, or TCPA, and other telemarketing laws. The TCPA and other laws, including state laws, relating to telemarketing restrict our ability to market and engage in other communications using the telephone in certain respects. For instance, the TCPA prohibits us from using an automatic telephone dialing system to make certain telephone calls or transmit text messages to wireless telephone numbers without prior express consent or without consulting the FTC’s national “Do Not Call” registry. We have policies and technical controls in place to comply with the TCPA and other telemarketing laws, including processes and procedures to consult the “Do Not Call” registry and to ensure that automated telephone calls are not performed without obtaining prior consent. However, despite our legal compliance, we have in the past and may in the future become subject to claims that we have violated the TCPA and/or other telemarketing laws. See “—From time to time we are subject to various legal proceedings which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.” The TCPA provides for private rights of action and potential statutory damages for each violation and additional penalties for each willful violation, and other telemarketing laws may entail additional remedies. In the event that we are found to have violated the TCPA and/or other telemarketing laws, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed and liability incurred. In addition, telephone carriers may block or put customer warnings on calls originating from call centers. Customers increasingly screen their incoming e-mails, telephone calls, and text messages, including by using screening tools and warnings, and, therefore, our customers or qualified prospects may not reliably receive our communications. If we are unable to communicate effectively by e-mail or telephone with our customers and qualified prospects as a result of legislation, blockage, screening technologies or otherwise, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

We currently depend on a small group of carriers for a substantial portion of our revenue.

We derive a large portion of our revenue from a limited number of carriers. Carriers owned by Humana and Anthem accounted for (i) approximately 42% and 32%, respectively, of net revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 28% and 15%, respectively, of net revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019, approximately 40% and 20%, respectively, of net revenues for the Pro Forma Fiscal Year 2019 and 25% and 8%, respectively, of net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018; (ii) approximately 47% and 38%, respectively, of Medicare—Internal segment revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and 60% and 22%, respectively, of Medicare—Internal segment revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019, approximately 51% and 23%, respectively, of Medicare—Internal segment revenue for the Pro Forma Fiscal Year 2019, and 63% and 15%, respectively, of Medicare—Internal segment revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018; and (iii) approximately 55% and 31%, respectively, of Medicare—External segment revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 36% and 27%, respectively, of Medicare—External segment revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019, approximately 46% and 32%, respectively, of Medicare—External segment revenue for the Pro Forma Fiscal Year 2019, and 41% and 18%, respectively, of Medicare—External segment revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018. In addition, carriers owned by UnitedHealth Group represented approximately 37% and 29% of IFP and Other—Internal segment revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and for the three months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, approximately 27% and 11% of IFP and Other—Internal segment revenue for the Pro Forma Fiscal Year 2019 and for the year ended December 31, 2018, respectively, and 55% and 37% of IFP and Other—External segment revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 41% and 19% of IFP and Other—External segment revenue for the Pro Forma Fiscal Year 2019 and year ended December 31, 2018, respectively.

Our agreements with carriers to sell policies are typically terminable by our carriers without cause. Should we become dependent on fewer carrier relationships (whether as a result of the termination of carrier relationships, carrier consolidation or otherwise), we may become more vulnerable to adverse changes in our relationships with carriers, particularly in states where we distribute insurance from a relatively smaller number of carriers or where a small number of carriers dominate the market, and our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

 

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If investments we make in enrollment periods do not result in a significant number of Approved Submissions, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

In an attempt to attract and enroll a large number of individuals during the Medicare annual enrollment period and the healthcare reform open enrollment period, we may invest in areas of our business, including technology and content, customer care and enrollment, and marketing and advertising. We have in the past made investments in areas of our business in advance of enrollment periods that have not yielded the results we expected when making those investments. Any investment we make in any enrollment period may not result in a significant number of Approved Submissions to offset the investments we make. To the extent our investment does not yield a significant number of Approved Submissions, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

We rely on carriers to prepare accurate commission reports and send them to us in a timely manner.

Our carriers typically pay us a specified percentage of the premium amount collected by the carrier or a flat rate per policy during the period that a consumer maintains coverage under a policy. We rely on carriers to report the amount of commissions we earn accurately and on time. We use carriers’ commission reports to calculate our revenue, prepare our financial reports, projections, and budgets and direct our marketing and other operating efforts. It is often difficult for us to independently determine whether carriers are reporting all commissions due to us, primarily because the majority of the purchasers of our insurance products who terminate their policies do so by discontinuing their premium payments to the carrier instead of informing us of the cancellation. For example, there have been instances where we have determined that policy cancellation data reported to us by a carrier has not been accurate. To the extent that carriers inaccurately or belatedly report the amount of commissions due to us, we may not be able to collect and recognize revenue to which we are entitled, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the technological connections of our systems with the carriers’ systems that provide us up-to-date information about coverage and commissions could fail or carriers could cease providing us with access to this information, which could impede our ability to compile our operating results in a timely manner.

Changes in the health insurance market or in the variety, quality and affordability of the insurance products offered by carriers could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

The demand for our agency services is impacted by the variety, quality and price of the insurance products we distribute. If insurance carriers do not continue to provide us with a variety of insurance products, or if as a result of consolidation in the insurance industry or for any other reason the choices of carrier products that we are able to offer are limited, our sales may decrease and our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

Our quarterly results of operations may fluctuate significantly due to seasonality.

The Medicare annual enrollment period occurs from October 15th to December 7th each year. As a result, we experience an increase in the number of submitted Medicare-related applications during the fourth quarter and an increase in expense related to the Medicare segments during the third and fourth quarters. Additionally, as a result of the annual Medicare Advantage open enrollment period that occurs from January 1st to March 31st, commission revenue is typically second-highest in our first quarter. The individual and family health insurance open enrollment period runs from November 1st through December 15th of each year for most states, and we expect the number of approved applications for individual and family health insurance to be higher in the fourth quarter compared to other quarters of the year as a result. A significant portion of our marketing and advertising expenses is driven by the number of health insurance applications submitted through us. Marketing and advertising expenses are generally higher in the fourth quarter during the Medicare annual enrollment period, but because commissions from approved customers are paid to us over time, our operating cash flows could be adversely impacted by a substantial increase in marketing and advertising expense as a result of a higher volume of applications submitted during the fourth quarter or positively impacted by a substantial decline in marketing and advertising expenses as a result of lower volume of applications submitted during the fourth quarter.

 

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The seasonality of our business could change in the future due to other factors, including as a result of changes in timing of the Medicare or individual and family health plan enrollment periods and changes in the laws and regulations that govern the sale of health insurance. We may not be able to timely adjust to changes in the seasonality of our business. If the timing of the enrollment periods for Medicare-related health insurance or individual and family health insurance changes, we may not be able to timely adapt to changes in customer demand. If we are not successful in responding to changes in the seasonality of our business, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

Pressure from existing and new competitors may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our competitors provide services designed to help customers shop for insurance. Some of these competitors include:

 

   

companies that operate insurance search websites or websites that provide quote information or the opportunity to purchase insurance products online, including aggregators and lead generators;

 

   

companies that advertise primarily through the television;

 

   

individual insurance carriers, including through the operation of their own websites, physical storefront operations and broker arrangements;

 

   

traditional insurance agents or brokers; and

 

   

field marketing organizations.

New competitors may enter the market for the distribution of insurance products with competing insurance platforms, which could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Our competitors could significantly impede our ability to maintain or increase the number of policies sold through our platform and may develop and market new technologies that render our platform less competitive or obsolete. In addition, if our competitors develop platforms with similar or superior functionality to ours and we are not able to produce certain volumes for our carriers, we may see a reduction in our production bonuses or marketing payments and our revenue would likely be reduced and our business, operating results and financial condition would be adversely affected.

If we do not successfully compete with government-run health insurance exchanges, our business may be harmed.

Our business competes with government-run health insurance exchanges with respect to our sale of Medicare-related health insurance and individual and family plans. Consumers can shop for and purchase Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D Prescription Drug plans through a website operated by the federal government and can also obtain plan selection assistance from the federal government in connection with their purchase of a Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D Prescription Drug plan. Competition from government-run health insurance exchanges could increase our marketing costs, reduce our revenue and could otherwise harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

If we fail to comply with certain healthcare laws, including fraud and abuse laws, we could face substantial penalties and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Our arrangements with carriers, particularly those that contract with federal healthcare care programs, are highly regulated and subject us to broadly applicable federal and state fraud and abuse and other federal and state healthcare laws and regulations. These laws may constrain the business or financial arrangements and relationships through which we conduct our operations, including the following:

 

   

the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons or entities from knowingly and willfully soliciting, offering, receiving or providing any remuneration (including any kickback, bribe or

 

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certain rebates), directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind, in return for, either the referral of an individual or the purchase, lease, or order, or arranging for or recommending the purchase, lease, or order of any good, facility, item or service, for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, under a federal healthcare program such as Medicare and Medicaid. The term remuneration has been interpreted broadly to include anything of value. The federal Anti-Kickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to, among others, financial arrangements between entities that have the ability to refer and generate business that is subject to reimbursement under federal healthcare programs. There are a number of statutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution. The exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly and practices that involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchasing, ordering, or recommending may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualify for an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of an applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make the conduct per se illegal under the federal Anti-Kickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis based on a cumulative review of all of its facts and circumstances. Our practices may not in all cases meet all of the criteria for protection under a statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor. A person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation, and a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act (described immediately below);

 

   

the federal false claims, including the civil False Claims Act, which, among other things, impose criminal and civil penalties against individuals or entities for knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, to the federal government, claims for payment or approval that are false or fraudulent, knowingly making, using or causing to be made or used, a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim, or from knowingly making or causing to be made a false statement to avoid, decrease or conceal an obligation to pay money to the federal government. The False Claims Act can be enforced by private citizens through civil qui tam actions. A claim includes “any request or demand” for money or property presented to the U.S. government;

 

   

the federal beneficiary inducement civil monetary laws, which generally prohibit giving something of value to an individual if the remuneration is likely to influence that beneficiary’s choice of a particular provider, supplier or practitioner for services covered by applicable federal healthcare programs. There are a number of exceptions, such as, remuneration that “promotes access to care and poses a low risk of harm to patients and federal healthcare programs.” A violation of this statute includes fines or exclusion from federal healthcare programs;

 

   

HIPAA, which created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among other things, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud or to obtain, by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations or promises, any money or property owned by, or under the control or custody of, any healthcare benefit program, including private third-party payers, willingly obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense, and knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up by trick, scheme or device, a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services. Like the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a person or entity need not have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation; and

 

   

analogous state and foreign laws and regulations, such as state anti-kickback and false claims laws, which may be more restrictive and may apply to healthcare items or services reimbursed by non-governmental third-party payors, including private insurers, or by the patients themselves.

Ensuring business arrangements with third parties comply with applicable healthcare laws and regulations is a costly endeavor. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the federal and state healthcare laws described above or any other current or future governmental regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to

 

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penalties, including without limitation, civil, criminal and/or administrative penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, individual imprisonment, exclusion from participation in government programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, injunctions, private “qui tam” actions brought by individual whistleblowers in the name of the government, or refusal to allow us to enter into government contracts, contractual damages, reputational harm, administrative burdens, diminished profits and future earnings, additional reporting obligations and oversight if we become subject to a corporate integrity agreement or other agreement to resolve allegations of non-compliance with these laws, and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations.

We operate in a complex state regulatory environment that is constantly changing. If we fail to comply with the numerous state laws and regulations that are applicable to the sale of health insurance, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

The offer, sale and purchase of health insurance is heavily regulated by various states and the regulatory landscape is constantly changing. States have adopted and will continue to adopt new laws and regulations, including in response to healthcare reform legislation and it is difficult to predict how these new laws and regulations will impact our business. In some cases such laws and regulations could amplify the adverse impacts of healthcare reform to our business, or states may adopt new requirements that adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition. For example, certain states have adopted or are contemplating rules and regulations that would either ban the sale of individual and family plans that do not qualify as minimum essential coverage under the ACA (such as short-term health insurance), limit the duration and renewability of those plans, or apply certain aspects of the ACA to those plans, such as the essential health benefits or requiring that such plans cover pre-existing conditions. Rules and regulations, such as these could adversely impact our sale of individual and family plans for several reasons, including because carriers may exit the market of selling such plans due to regulatory concerns, determine it is not profitable to sell the plans or increase plan premiums to a degree that reduces customer demand for them.

Additionally, a long-standing provision in almost all states’ laws provides that once health insurance premiums are set by the carrier and approved by state regulators, they are fixed and not generally subject to negotiation or discounting by insurance companies or agents. Additionally, state regulations generally prohibit carriers, agents and brokers from providing financial incentives, such as rebates, to their customers in connection with the sale of health insurance. As a result, we do not currently compete with carriers or other agents and brokers on the price of the health insurance plans offered on our website. If these regulations change, we could be forced to reduce prices or provide rebates or other incentives for the health insurance plans sold through our technology platform, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Although commissions do not currently have to be disclosed to the public, if commissions become more regulated and commissions paid to us have to be disclosed, it is possible that carriers may lower our commission rates, which could reduce our revenue.

We rely heavily on SNPs during the special enrollment periods, which allows us to utilize our agents throughout the year. If states adopt new laws and regulations or modify the existing laws and regulations governing Medicaid, such changes could decrease the number of individuals eligible for D-SNP, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.

State regulators require us to maintain a valid license in each state in which we transact health insurance business and further require that we adhere to sales, documentation and administration practices specific to that state. We must maintain our health insurance licenses to continue selling plans and to continue to receive commissions from carriers. In addition, each employee who transacts health insurance business on our behalf must maintain a valid license in one or more states. Because we do business in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, compliance with health insurance-related laws, rules and regulations is difficult and imposes significant costs on our business. Each jurisdiction’s insurance department typically has the power, among other things, to:

 

   

grant and revoke licenses to transact insurance business;

 

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conduct inquiries into the insurance-related activities and conduct of agents and agencies;

 

   

require and regulate disclosure in connection with the sale and solicitation of health insurance;

 

   

authorize how, by which personnel and under what circumstances insurance premiums can be quoted and published and an insurance policy sold;

 

   

approve which entities can be paid commissions from carriers and the circumstances under which they may be paid;

 

   

regulate the content of insurance-related advertisements, including web pages, and other marketing practices;

 

   

approve policy forms, require specific benefits and benefit levels and regulate premium rates;

 

   

impose fines and other penalties; and

 

   

impose continuing education requirements.

In addition, we must ensure that our agents have received all licenses, appointments and certifications required by state authorities and our carriers in order to transact business. If the relevant state authorities or our carriers experience shutdowns or continued business disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we may be unable to secure these required licenses, appointments and certifications for our agents in a timely manner, or at all.

Due to the complexity, periodic modification and differing interpretations of state insurance laws and regulations, we may not have always been, and we may not always be, in compliance with them. New state insurance laws, regulations and guidelines also may not be compatible with the sale of health insurance over the Internet or with various aspects of our platform or manner of marketing or selling health insurance plans. Failure to comply with insurance laws, regulations and guidelines or other laws and regulations applicable to our business could result in significant liability, additional department of insurance licensing requirements, required modification of our advertising and business practices, the revocation of our licenses in a particular jurisdiction, termination of our relationship with carriers, loss of commissions and/or our inability to sell health insurance plans, which could significantly increase our operating expenses, result in the loss of carrier relationships and our commission revenue and otherwise harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Moreover, an adverse regulatory action in one jurisdiction could result in penalties and adversely affect our license status, business or reputation in other jurisdictions due to the requirement that adverse regulatory actions in one jurisdiction be reported to other jurisdictions. Even if the allegations in any regulatory or other action against us are proven false, any surrounding negative publicity could harm consumer, marketing partner or carrier confidence in us, which could significantly damage our brand.

If we are not successful in cost-effectively converting consumer leads into customers for which we receive commissions, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

Obtaining quality consumer leads is important to our business, but our ability to convert these consumer leads to customers is also a key to our success. Our growth depends in large part upon growth in Approved Submissions in a given period. The rate at which we grow our Approved Submissions directly impacts our revenue. In addition, the rate at which Submitted Policies turn into commissionable Approved Submissions impacts the expected LTV of our customers, which impacts the revenue that we are able to recognize. A number of factors have influenced, and could in the future influence, these conversion rates for any given period, some of which are outside of our control. These factors include:

 

   

changes in customer shopping behavior due to circumstances outside of our control, such as economic conditions, customers’ ability or willingness to pay for health insurance, adverse weather conditions or natural disasters, the effects of pandemics, such as COVID-19, availability of unemployment benefits or proposed or enacted legislative or regulatory changes impacting our business, including healthcare reform;

 

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the quality of, and changes to, the customer experience on our platform;

 

   

regulatory requirements, including those that make the experience on our platform cumbersome or difficult to navigate or reduce the ability of customers to purchase plans outside of enrollment periods;

 

   

the variety, competitiveness and affordability of the health insurance plans that we offer;

 

   

system failures or interruptions in the operation of our technology platform or call center operations;

 

   

changes in the mix of customers who are referred to us through our direct, marketing partner and online advertising customer acquisition channels;

 

   

carriers offering health insurance plans for which customers have expressed interest, and the degree to which our technology is integrated with those carriers;

 

   

carrier guidelines applicable to applications submitted by customers, the amount of time a carrier takes to make a decision on that application and the percentage of submitted applications approved by carriers;

 

   

the effectiveness of agents in assisting customers; and

 

   

our ability to enroll subsidy-eligible individuals in qualified health plans through government-run health insurance exchanges and the efficacy of the process we are required to use to do so.

Our conversion rates can be impacted by changes in the mix of customers referred to us through our customer acquisition channels. We may make changes to our technology platform in response to regulatory requirements or undertake other initiatives in an attempt to improve the customer experience or for other reasons. These changes have in the past, and may in the future have the unintended consequence of adversely impacting our conversion rates. A decline in the percentage of consumers who submit health insurance applications on our platform and are converted into approved customers could cause an increase in our CAC and impact our revenue in any given period. To the extent our conversion rate suffers, our customer base may decline, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We receive commission payments from carriers over time, but incur significant upfront expenses to enroll customers.

The enrollment of consumers on our platform requires significant upfront expenses, including marketing and advertising expenses and customer care and enrollment expenses, in order to generate qualified prospects, educate and enroll those consumers in our products and plans, and submit completed applications to carriers. However, the resulting commissions are generally paid to us over time, with the first payments often several weeks or months after we submit completed applications to our carriers. These factors cause us to require significant cash to fund our working capital needs, and our operating cash flows could be adversely impacted by a substantial increase in the volume of applications submitted by us.

If we are unable to maintain effective relationships with our existing third-party marketing companies or if we do not establish successful relationships with new marketing companies our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

We frequently enter into contractual marketing relationships with online and offline businesses that help us acquire consumer leads. These marketing partners include television advertisers, online advertising companies, call referral programs, and other marketing vendors. We compensate some marketing companies on a fee-per-service model and some on a submitted health insurance application basis. The success of our relationship with each marketing company is dependent on a number of factors, including but not limited to: the continued positive market presence, reputation and growth of the marketing company, the effectiveness of the marketing company’s advertisements, the compliance of each marketing company with applicable laws, regulations and guidelines and the contractual terms we negotiate with the marketing company, including the marketing fees we agree to pay.

 

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While we have relationships with a large number of marketing companies, we depend upon services and/or referrals from only a limited number for a significant portion of the submitted applications we receive. Given our reliance on various marketing companies, our business operating results and financial condition would be harmed if (i) we are unable to maintain successful relationships with these companies; (ii) we fail to establish successful relationships with new marketing companies; (iii) we experience competition in our provision of services from key marketing companies; and (iv) if we are required to pay increased amounts to these marketing companies.

Competition for referrals from third-party lead referral companies has increased particularly during the enrollment periods for Medicare-related health insurance and individual and family health insurance. We may lose referrals if our competitors pay these companies more than we do or be forced to pay increased fees, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the promulgation of laws, regulations or guidelines, or the interpretation of existing laws, regulations and guidelines, by state departments of insurance or by CMS, could cause our relationships with third-party referral companies to be in non-compliance with those laws, regulations and guidelines. If CMS or state departments of insurance were to change existing laws, regulations or guidelines, or interpret existing laws, regulations or guidelines, to prohibit these arrangements, we could experience a significant decline in the number of Medicare-eligible individuals who are referred to our platforms and Benefits Center, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

If we lose key management or fail to meet our need for qualified employees, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

We rely, in part, upon the accumulated knowledge, skills and experience of our executive officers. Our Chief Executive Officer has been with us for more than 19 years and our executive officers have a combined total of 63 years of experience in the health insurance industry. The loss of the services of any of our executive officers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, as we may not be able to find suitable individuals to replace such officers on a timely basis or without incurring increased costs, or at all. We currently do not have any key man insurance covering our Chief Executive Officer. If our executive officers were to leave us or become incapacitated, it might negatively impact our planning and execution of business strategy and operations. We believe that our future success will depend on our continued ability to attract and retain highly skilled and qualified executive personnel for all areas of our organization, for which there is a high level of competition for such personnel in our industry. Our inability to meet our executive staffing requirements in the future could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our future success is also dependent upon our ability to attract, retain and effectively deploy qualified employees. We may need to offer higher compensation and other benefits in order to attract and retain key personnel in the future. To attract top talent, we must offer competitive compensation packages before we have the opportunity to validate the productivity and effectiveness of new employees. Additionally, we may not be able to hire new employees quickly enough, we may not have adequate resources to meet our hiring needs, and we may not effectively deploy our workforce in order to efficiently allocate our internal resources. If we fail to meet our hiring needs, successfully integrate our new hires or effectively deploy our existing personnel, our efficiency and ability to meet our forecasts, our ability to successfully execute on our strategic plan to return to revenue growth and our employee morale, productivity and retention could all suffer. Any of these factors could materially adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

We are subject to privacy and data protection laws governing the transmission, security and privacy of personal information, particularly individually identifiable health information, which may impose restrictions on the manner in which we process such information and subject us to enforcement and penalties if we are unable to fully comply with such laws.

Numerous federal, state and international laws and regulations govern the collection, use, disclosure, storage, processing, transmission and destruction of personal information, including individually identifiable health

 

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information. These laws and regulations, including their interpretation by governmental agencies and regulators, are subject to frequent change. These regulations could have a negative impact on our business, for example:

 

   

HIPAA and its implementing regulations were enacted to ensure that employees can retain and at times transfer their health insurance when they change jobs, and to simplify healthcare administrative processes. The enactment of HIPAA also expanded protection of the privacy and security of protected health information and required the adoption of standards for the exchange of electronic health information. Among the standards that the Department of Health and Human Services has adopted pursuant to HIPAA are standards for electronic transactions and code sets, unique identifiers for providers, employers, health plans and individuals, security, electronic signatures, privacy and enforcement. Failure to comply with HIPAA could result in enforcement activity, fines, penalties and litigation that could have a material adverse effect on us;

 

   

The HITECH Act sets forth health information security breach notification requirements and increased penalties for violation of HIPAA. The HITECH Act requires individual notification for all breaches, media notification of breaches of over 500 individuals and at least annual reporting of all breaches to the Department of Health and Human Services. The HITECH Act also replaced the prior penalty system of one tier of penalties of $100 per violation and an annual maximum of $25,000 with a four-tier system of sanctions for breaches ranging from the original $100 per violation and an annual maximum of $25,000 for the first tier to a fourth-tier minimum of $50,000 per violation and an annual maximum of $1.5 million per violation category. These penalties are required to be adjusted for inflation. Failure to comply with the HITECH Act could result in enforcement activity, fines, penalties and litigation that could have a material adverse effect on us;

 

   

Other federal and state laws restricting the use and protecting the privacy and security of individually identifiable information may apply, many of which are not preempted by HIPAA; and

 

   

Federal and state consumer protection laws are increasingly being applied by the FTC, and states’ attorneys general to regulate the collection, use, processing, destruction, storage and disclosure of individually identifiable information, through websites or otherwise, and to regulate the presentation of website content.

We are required to comply with federal and state laws governing the transmission, security and privacy of personal information that we may obtain or have access to in connection with the provision of our services. Despite the security measures that we have in place to ensure compliance with privacy and data protection laws, our facilities and systems, and those of our third-party vendors and subcontractors, are vulnerable to security breaches, acts of vandalism or theft, computer viruses, malware, ransomware, denial-of-service attacks, misplaced or lost data, programming and human errors or other similar events. Due to the enactment of the HITECH Act, we are not able to predict the extent of the impact such incidents may have on our business. Our failure to comply may result in criminal and civil liability especially because the potential for enforcement action against business associates is now greater. Enforcement actions against us could be costly and could interrupt regular operations or the availability of data, which may adversely affect our business. While we have received inquiries relating to our compliance with various privacy acts, including inquiries originating from allegations of a potential breach, to date none have been found or determined to be actual violations by the Company.

Under the HITECH Act, as a business associate we may also be directly or independently liable for privacy and security breaches and failures of our subcontractors. Even though we provide for appropriate protections through our agreements with our subcontractors and exercise appropriate oversight of such subcontractors, we still have limited control over their actions and practices. A breach of privacy or security of individually identifiable health information by a subcontractor or other entity operating on our behalf may result in an enforcement action, including criminal and civil liability, against us or litigation by a covered entity with whom we have a contractual relationship. In addition, numerous other federal and state laws protect the confidentiality of individually identifiable information as well as employee personal information, including state medical privacy laws, state social security number protection laws, and federal and state consumer protection laws. These various laws in

 

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many cases are not preempted by HIPAA and may be subject to varying interpretations by the courts and government agencies, creating complex compliance issues for us and our customers and potentially exposing us to additional expense, adverse publicity and liability, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

State and federal laws may apply to our collection, use, handling, processing, destruction, disclosure, and storage as well. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, or the CCPA, effective as of January 1, 2020, affords consumers expanded privacy protections and control over the collection, use and sharing of their personal information. The CCPA was recently amended, and it is possible it will be amended again by other pending legislative initiatives or by popular referendum. The Attorney General of California is promulgating implementing CCPA regulations which are undergoing successive rounds of public comment and revision. The potential effects of this legislation, including whether and how the law will be applied to the consumer health-related data we collect through our service, are far-reaching and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply. The CCPA gives California residents expanded rights to access and require deletion of their personal information, opt out of certain personal information sharing and receive detailed information about how their personal information is used. The CCPA also provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that may increase data breach litigation. The CCPA does contain an exemption for medical information governed by the California Confidentiality of Medical Information Act (CMIA), and for protected health information collected by a covered entity or business associate governed by the privacy, security and breach notification rule established pursuant to HIPAA and HITECH, but the precise application and scope of this exemption as well as how it would apply to our business is not yet clear.

With laws and regulations such as HIPAA and the CCPA imposing relatively burdensome obligations, and with substantial uncertainty over the interpretation and application of these and other laws and regulations to our business, we may face challenges in addressing their requirements and making necessary changes to our policies and practices, and may incur significant costs and expenses in an effort to do so. For example, the increased consumer control over the sharing of their personal information under the CCPA may affect our customers’ ability to share such personal information with us or may require us to delete or remove consumer information from our records or data sets, which may create considerable costs or loss of revenue for our organization.

In addition, any failure or perceived failure by us to maintain posted privacy policies which are accurate, comprehensive and fully implemented, and any violation or perceived violation of our privacy-, data protection- or information security-related obligations to customers, users or other third parties or any of our other legal obligations relating to privacy, data protection or information security may result in governmental investigations or enforcement actions, litigation, claims or public statements against us by consumer advocacy groups or others, and could result in significant liability, loss of relationships with key third parties including carriers, social media networks and other data providers, or cause our consumers to lose trust in us, which could have material impacts on our revenue and operations.

We may not be able to maintain compliance with all current and potentially applicable U.S. federal and state or foreign laws and regulations relating to privacy and cybersecurity, and actions by regulatory authorities or changes in legislation and regulation in the jurisdictions in which we operate could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations that involve user privacy and the collection, processing, storing, sharing, disclosing, using, transfer and protecting of personal information and other data. These laws and regulations constantly evolve and remain subject to significant change. In addition, the application and interpretation of these laws and regulations are often uncertain. Because we store, process and use data, some of which contain personal information, we are subject to complex and evolving federal, state and local laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection and other matters. Many of these laws and regulations are subject to change and uncertain interpretation. The U.S. federal and state governments and agencies may in the future

 

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enact new legislation and promulgate new regulations governing collection, use, disclosure, storage, processing, transmission and destruction of personal information and other data. New privacy laws add additional complexity, requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk, require additional investment in resources to compliance programs, and could impact trading strategies and availability of previously useful data.

The New York Department of Financial Services, or NYDFS, Cybersecurity Regulation for financial services companies, including insurance entities under NYDFS jurisdiction, requires entities to establish and maintain a cybersecurity program designed to protect private consumer data, and implement a risk assessment designed to perform core cybersecurity functions. The regulation specifically provides for: (i) controls relating to the governance framework for a cybersecurity program; (ii) risk-based minimum standards for technology systems for data protection; (iii) minimum standards for cyber breach responses, including notice to the NYDFS, of material events; and (iv) identification and documentation of material deficiencies, remediation plans and annual certification of regulatory compliance with the NYDFS. The Cybersecurity Regulation also requires implementation of continuous monitoring of information technology systems or periodic penetration testing and vulnerability assessments. Similarly, the Massachusetts data protection law and the New York Stop Hacks and Improve Data Security Act, or SHIELD Act, both require companies to implement a written information security program that contains appropriate administrative, technical, and physical safeguards as defined in the respective statute.

In October 2017, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, or NAIC, adopted the Insurance Data Security Model Law, or the Cybersecurity Model Law, which is intended to establish the standards for data security and for the investigation and notification of data breaches applicable to insurance licensees in states adopting such law. To date, the Cybersecurity Model Law has been adopted by Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Michigan, Mississippi, New Hampshire, Ohio and South Carolina, with several other states expected to adopt in the near future. The Cybersecurity Model Law could impose significant new regulatory burdens intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information systems. The NAIC model law is functionally similar to the NYDFS rule.

In addition, the California legislature enacted the CCPA in September 2018, which entered into effect in January 2020, and has encouraged “copycat” legislative proposals in other states across the country such as Nevada, Virginia, New Hampshire, Illinois and Nebraska. These legislative proposals may add additional complexity, variation in requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk, require additional investment in resources to compliance programs, and could impact strategies and availability of previously useful data.

Compliance with existing and emerging privacy and cybersecurity laws and regulations could result in increased compliance costs and/or lead to changes in business practices and policies, and any failure to protect the confidentiality of client information could adversely affect our reputation, lend to private litigation against us, and require additional investment in resources, impact strategies and availability of previously useful data any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Risks from third-party products could adversely affect our businesses.

We offer third-party health insurance products. Insurance involves a transfer of risk and our reputation may be harmed and we may become a target for litigation if risk is not transferred in the way expected by customers and carriers. In addition, if these insurance products do not generate competitive risk-adjusted returns that satisfy our carriers, it may be difficult to maintain existing business with, and attract new business from, them. Significant declines in the performance of these third-party products could subject us to reputational damage and litigation risk.

Our ability to match consumers to insurance products that suit their needs is dependent upon their provision of accurate information during the insurance shopping process.

Our business depends on consumers’ provision of accurate information during the insurance shopping process. To the extent consumers provide us with inaccurate information, the quality of their insurance shopping

 

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experience may suffer and we may be unable to match them with insurance products that suit their needs. Our inability to suggest suitable insurance products to consumers could lead to an increase in the number of policies we submit to carriers that are ultimately rejected or an increase in plans that are cancelled earlier than expected or otherwise terminated, which could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our international operations subject us to additional risks which could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

We have attempted to control our operating expenses by utilizing lower cost labor in foreign countries such as Slovakia and Honduras and we may in the future expand our reliance on offshore labor to other countries. As of March 31, 2020, 47 of our employees were based in Slovakia. Our employees in Slovakia help develop, test and maintain our Marketplace technology. Additionally, we outsource certain of our call center operations to a company in Honduras. Countries outside of the United States may be subject to relatively higher degrees of political and social instability and may lack the infrastructure to withstand political unrest or natural disasters. The occurrence of natural disasters, pandemics, such as COVID-19, or political or economic instability in these countries could interfere with work performed by these labor sources, or could result in our having to replace or reduce these labor sources. Our vendors in other countries could potentially shut down suddenly for any reason, including financial problems or personnel issues. Such disruptions could decrease efficiency, increase our costs and have an adverse effect on our business or results of operations.

The practice of utilizing labor based in foreign countries has come under increased scrutiny in the United States. Governmental authorities, including CMS, could seek to impose financial costs or restrictions on foreign companies providing services to customers or companies in the United States. Governmental authorities may attempt to prohibit or otherwise discourage us from sourcing services from offshore labor. In addition, carriers may require us to use labor based in the United States for regulatory or other reasons. To the extent that we are required to use labor based in the United States, we may face increased costs as a result of higher-priced United States-based labor.

The FCPA and other applicable anti-corruption laws and regulations prohibit certain types of payments by our employees, vendors and agents. Any violation of the applicable anti-corruption laws or regulations by us, our subsidiaries or our local agents could expose us to significant penalties, fines, settlements, costs and consent orders that may curtail or restrict our business as it is currently conducted and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Weakness of the United States dollar in relation to the currencies used in these foreign countries may also reduce the savings achievable through this strategy and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand, our business and operating results will be harmed. Damage to our reputation and negative publicity could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We believe that maintaining and enhancing our brand identity is critical to our relationships with our existing carriers and to our ability to attract new customers, marketing partners and carriers. We also intend to grow our brand awareness among consumers, marketing partners and carriers in order to further expand our marketplace and attract new consumers, marketing partners and carriers. The promotion of our brand in these and other ways may require us to make substantial investments and we anticipate that, as our market becomes increasingly competitive, these branding initiatives may become increasingly difficult and expensive. Our brand promotion activities may not be successful or yield increased revenue, and to the extent that these activities yield increased revenue, the increased revenue may not offset the expenses we incur and our operating results could be harmed. If we do not successfully maintain and enhance our brand, our business may not grow and we could lose our relationships with carriers, marketing partners or customers, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

 

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We may be adversely affected by negative publicity relating to brand and activities. For instance, if our brand receives negative publicity, the number of customers visiting our platforms or Benefits Center could decrease, and our cost of acquiring customers could increase as a result of a reduction in the number of consumers coming from our direct customer acquisition channel. Additionally, there is at least one other third party business which uses the “GoHealth” name, but is not affiliated with our business. While we agreed with the third party that our “GoHealth” marks can coexist with the third party’s use of “GoHealth” in their business without creating a likelihood of consumer confusion, we entered into a co-existence agreement with the third-party that, among other things, places certain restrictions on both their use of “GoHealth,” as well as ours, in order to further mitigate any risk of confusion. Nevertheless, if despite these measures, our business is mistakenly confused with their business or another business, the value of our brand could be adversely impacted, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Any legal liability, regulatory penalties, or negative publicity for the information on our website or that we otherwise provide could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We provide information on our website, through our Benefits Center, in our marketing materials and in other ways regarding health insurance in general and the health insurance plans we market and sell, including information relating to insurance premiums, coverage, benefits, provider networks, exclusions, limitations, availability, plan comparisons and insurance company ratings. A significant amount of both automated and manual effort is required to maintain the considerable amount of insurance plan information on our website. If the information we provide on our website, through our Benefits Center, in our marketing materials or otherwise is not accurate or is construed as misleading, or if we do not properly assist individuals and businesses in purchasing health insurance, customers, carriers and others could attempt to hold us liable for damages, our relationships with carriers could be terminated or impaired and regulators could attempt to subject us to penalties, revoke our licenses to transact health insurance business in a particular jurisdiction, and/or compromise the status of our licenses to transact health insurance business in other jurisdictions, which could result in our loss of our commission revenue. In the ordinary course of operating our business, we have received complaints that the information we provided was not accurate or was misleading. Although in the past we have resolved these complaints without significant financial cost or impact to our brand or reputation, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so in the future. Our sales of individual and family plans that do not qualify as minimum essential coverage, thereby lacking the same benefits as major medical health insurance plans, may increase the risk that we receive complaints regarding our marketing and business practices due to the potential for customer confusion between such plans and major medical health insurance. In addition, these types of claims could be time-consuming and expensive to defend, could divert our management’s attention and other resources, and could cause a loss of confidence in our services. As a result, whether or not we are able to successfully resolve these claims, they could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

In the ordinary course of our business, we have received and may continue to receive inquiries from state regulators relating to various matters. We also have become, and may in the future become, involved in litigation or claims in the ordinary course of our business, including with respect to employment-related claims such as workplace discrimination or harassment. We have and may in the future, face claims of violations of other local, state, and federal labor or employment laws, laws and regulations relating to marketing and laws and regulations relating to the sale of insurance. If we are found to have violated laws or regulations, we could lose our relationship with carriers and be subject to various fines and penalties, including revocation of our licenses to sell insurance which would cause us to lose our commission revenue, and our business, operating results and financial condition would be materially harmed. In addition, if regulators believe our websites or marketing material are not compliant with applicable laws or regulations, we could be forced to stop using our websites, marketing material or certain aspects of them, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

 

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The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak and measures taken in response thereto impact our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.

In late 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, surfaced in China, which has now spread to the United States and almost every country in the world. SARS-CoV-2 causes a clinical illness known as COVID-19. Global health concerns relating to the outbreak of COVID-19 have been weighing on the macroeconomic environment, and the outbreak has significantly increased economic uncertainty. The outbreak has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter in place orders, and business shutdowns. These measures have not only negatively impacted consumer spending and business spending habits, they have adversely impacted and may further impact our workforce and operations and the operations of carriers, consumers and our business partners. Although certain of these measures are beginning to ease in some geographic regions, overall measures to contain the COVID-19 outbreak may remain in place for a significant period of time and may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices (including employee travel, employee work locations, and cancellation of physical participation in meetings, events and conferences), and we may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers and business partners. For example, we have implemented work from home measures, which have required us to provide technical support to our agents to enable them to connect to our technology platform from their homes, including by purchasing laptops for our agents and upgrading their Internet connections. In addition to an investment of financial resources, implementing work from home measures to respond to COVID-19 has diverted management’s time and attention. If our agents are not able to effectively work from home, or if our agents contract COVID-19 or another contagious disease, we may not be able to sell as many plans, which would negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. There is also no certainty that the measures we have taken to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on our business will be sufficient or otherwise be satisfactory to government authorities.

Further, because most of our employees are working remotely in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, we may experience an increase the risk of security breaches, loss of data, and other disruptions as a result of accessing sensitive information from remote locations. Correspondingly, it remains unclear how the third-party firms or organizations who have independently audited our information security program against specific standards will assess and evaluate the sufficiency of the security measures we have taken to mitigate work-from-home related information security risks. Failure to meet these standards could impact our ability to service customers in the healthcare industry, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, our carriers and vendors have similarly adjusted their operations in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. If our carriers or vendors experience shutdowns or continued business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business operations as planned could be materially and negatively affected. For example, our carriers may experience delays in the underwriting process, and those delays could affect our ability to timely bind and sell policies. Furthermore, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected if, as a result of the macro-economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, demand for the products we sell on behalf of carriers declines, our carriers seek to renegotiate their commission arrangements with us or the policyholders to whom we have sold policies stop making their premium payments.

The full extent to which the outbreak of COVID-19 impacts our business, results of operations and financial condition is still unknown and will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Even after the outbreak of COVID-19 has subsided, we may continue to experience materially adverse

 

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impacts to our business as a result of its global economic impact, including any recession that has occurred or may occur in the future.

While governmental and non-governmental organizations are engaging in efforts to combat the spread and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and related public health issues, these measures may not be effective. We also cannot predict how legal and regulatory responses to concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic and related public health issues will impact our business. Such events or conditions could result in additional regulation or restrictions affecting the conduct of our business in the future.

There are no comparable recent events which may provide guidance as to the effect of the spread of COVID-19 and a global pandemic, and, as a result, the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 outbreak or a similar health epidemic is highly uncertain and subject to change. We do not yet know the full extent of the impacts on our business, our operations or the global economy as a whole. However, the effects could have a material impact on our results of operations.

To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business, operating results and financial condition, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section, such as those relating to our level of indebtedness, our need to generate sufficient cash flows to service our indebtedness and our ability to comply with the covenants contained in our Credit Facilities.

We rely upon third parties to operate our Marketplace technology and any disruption of or interference with our use of such third-party providers would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We outsource our hosting infrastructure to Amazon Web Services and Rackspace (together, “Hosting Providers”), which host our Marketplace technology. Consumers and agents must have the ability to access our Marketplace technology at any time, without interruption or degradation of performance. Our Hosting Providers run their own infrastructure upon which our Marketplace technology and products depend, and we are, therefore, vulnerable to service interruptions at each Hosting Provider. Though very rare, we have experienced, and expect that in the future we may experience interruptions, delays and outages in service and availability from time to time due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors, application hosting disruptions and capacity constraints. Capacity constraints could be due to a number of potential causes including technical failures, natural disasters, fraud or security attacks. In addition, if our security, or that of one of our Hosting Providers, is compromised, our platform or products are unavailable or our users are unable to use our products within a reasonable amount of time or at all, then our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. We note that our ability to conduct security audits on our Hosting Providers is limited, therefore, we rely heavily on third-party security reviews, such as SSAE 16 assessments. Our contracts do not contain strong indemnification terms in our favor. In some instances, we may not be able to identify and/or remedy the cause or causes of these performance problems within a period of time acceptable to our customers. It may become increasingly difficult to maintain and improve our marketplace platform performance, especially during peak usage times, as our marketplace platform becomes more complex and the usage of the platform increases. To the extent we do not effectively address capacity constraints, either through our Hosting Providers or alternative providers of cloud infrastructure, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected. In addition, any changes in service levels from our Hosting Providers may adversely affect our ability to meet our customers’ requirements.

The substantial majority of the services we use from our Hosting Providers are for cloud-based server capacity and managed colocation services. We access our Hosting Providers’ infrastructure through standard Internet connectivity. Our Hosting Providers provide us with computing and storage capacity, network capacity, managed colocation space, and leased computing hardware pursuant to agreements that continue until terminated by either party. If any of the data centers become unavailable to us without sufficient advance notice, we would likely

 

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experience delays in delivering our platform and products until we could migrate to an alternate data center provider. Our disaster recovery program contemplates transitioning our platform and products to our backup center in the event of a catastrophe, but we have not yet fully tested the procedure, and our platform and products may be unavailable, in whole or in part, during any transition procedure. Although we expect that we could receive similar services from other third parties, if any of our arrangements with our Hosting Providers are terminated, we could experience interruptions on our platform and in our ability to make our products available to customers, as well as delays and additional expenses (including research and development expenses) in arranging alternative cloud infrastructure services.

Any of the above circumstances or events may cause outages where we are unable to generate revenue, harm our reputation, cause customers to stop using our products, impair our ability to attract new customers and increase revenue from customers, subject us to financial penalties and liabilities under our service level agreements and otherwise harm our revenue, business, results of operations and financial condition.

If individuals or carriers opt for more traditional or alternative channels for the purchase and sale of health insurance, our business could be harmed.

Our success depends, in part, upon continued growth in the use of the Internet as a source of research on health insurance products and pricing, as well as willingness for individuals to use the Internet to request further information or contact the distributors directly or indirectly that sell the products we offer. Individuals and carriers may choose to depend more on traditional sources, such as individual agents, or alternative sources may develop, including as a result of healthcare reform. Our future growth, if any, will depend in part upon:

 

   

the growth of the Internet as a market for individual health insurance plans and services;

 

   

individuals’ willingness and ability to conduct their own health insurance research;

 

   

our ability to make the process of purchasing health insurance online an attractive alternative to traditional and new means of purchasing health insurance;

 

   

our ability to successfully and cost-effectively market our services as superior to traditional or alternative sources for health insurance to a sufficiently large number of individuals; and

 

   

carriers’ willingness to use us and the Internet as a distribution channel for health insurance products and plans.

If individuals and carriers determine that other sources of health insurance and health insurance applications are superior, our business will not grow, and our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

From time to time we are subject to various legal proceedings which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We are involved in various litigation matters from time to time. Such matters can be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses. Our insurance and indemnities may not cover all claims that may be asserted against us, and any claims asserted against us, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, may harm our reputation. If we are unsuccessful in our defense in these litigation matters, or any other legal proceeding, we may be forced to pay damages or fines, enter into consent decrees or change our business practices, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our balance sheet includes significant amounts of goodwill and intangible assets. The impairment of a significant portion of these assets would negatively affect our financial condition or results of operations.

A significant portion of our total assets consists of goodwill and intangible assets. Goodwill and intangible assets, net, together accounted for approximately 66.9% of total assets on our balance sheet as of March 31, 2020. We

 

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evaluate goodwill and intangible assets for impairment annually at in the fourth quarter and whenever events or circumstances make it more likely than not that impairment may have occurred. Under current accounting rules, any determination that impairment has occurred would require us to record an impairment charge, which would adversely affect our earnings. An impairment of a significant portion of goodwill or intangible assets could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

Changes in lease accounting standards may materially and adversely affect us.

Beginning on January 1, 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, rules will require that we account for our office space leases as assets and liabilities on our balance sheet. We previously accounted for such leases on an “off-balance sheet” basis. As a result of these changes to the FASB rules, we will be required to record lease-related assets and liabilities on our balance sheet, and the way in which we record and classify our lease-related expenses may change as well. Though these changes will not have any direct effect on our overall financial condition, they will cause the total amount of assets and liabilities we report to increase.

Operating and growing our business may require additional capital, and if capital is not available to us, our business, operating results and financial condition may suffer.

Operating and growing our business is expected to require further investments in our business. We may be presented with opportunities that we want to pursue, and unforeseen challenges may present themselves, any of which could cause us to require additional capital. Our business model does not require us to hold a significant amount of cash and cash equivalents at any given time and if our cash needs exceed our expectations or we experience rapid growth, we could experience strain in our cash flow, which could adversely affect our operations in the event we were unable to obtain other sources of liquidity. If we seek to raise funds through equity or debt financing, those funds may prove to be unavailable, may only be available on terms that are not acceptable to us or may result in significant dilution to you or higher levels of leverage. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to pursue our business objectives and to respond to business opportunities, challenges or unforeseen circumstances could be significantly limited, and our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

If we fail to manage future growth effectively, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

We have expanded our operations significantly and anticipate that further expansion will be required in order for us to grow our business. Our growth has placed and will continue to place increasing and significant demands on our management, our operational and financial systems and infrastructure and our other resources. If we do not effectively manage our growth, the quality of our services could suffer, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In order to manage future growth, we will need to hire, integrate and retain highly skilled and motivated employees. We may not be able to hire new employees quickly enough to meet our needs. If we fail to effectively manage our hiring needs and successfully integrate our new hires, our efficiency and ability to meet our forecasts and our employee morale, productivity and retention could suffer, and our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed. We will also be required to continue to improve our existing systems for operational and financial management, including our reporting systems, procedures and controls. These improvements may require significant capital expenditures and will place increasing demands on our management. We may not be successful in managing or expanding our operations or in maintaining adequate financial and operating systems and controls. If we do not successfully implement improvements in these areas, our business, operating results and financial condition will be harmed.

If we are unable to maintain a high level of service, our business, operating results and financial condition may be harmed.

One of the key attributes of our business is providing high quality service to our carriers and customers. We may be unable to sustain these levels of service, which would harm our reputation and our business. Alternatively, we

 

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may only be able to sustain high levels of service by significantly increasing our operating costs, which would materially and adversely affect our operating results. The level of service we are able to provide depends on our personnel to a significant extent. Our personnel must be well-trained in our processes and able to handle customer calls effectively and efficiently. Any inability of our personnel to meet our demand, whether due to absenteeism, training, turnover, disruptions at our facilities, including due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, bad weather, power outages or other reasons, could adversely impact our business. If we are unable to maintain high levels of service performance, our reputation could suffer and our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

Economic sanction laws in the United States and other jurisdictions may prohibit us and our affiliates from transacting with certain countries, individuals and companies, which could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the FCPA, and other anti-corruption laws and regulations, as well as anti-boycott regulations, may apply to and restrict our activities, including our software development operations in Slovakia. If we were to violate any such laws or regulations, we may face significant legal and monetary penalties. The U.S. government has indicated that it is focused on FCPA enforcement, which may increase the risk that we become the subject of such actual or threatened enforcement. As such, a violation of the FCPA or other applicable regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Global economic conditions could materially and adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.

Our business has been and may continue to be affected by a number of factors that are beyond our control, such as general geopolitical, economic and business conditions, and conditions in the financial markets. A severe or prolonged economic downturn could adversely affect consumers’ financial condition and the demand for insurance products.

We are also exposed to risks associated with the potential financial instability of our carriers and customers, many of whom may be adversely affected by volatile conditions in the financial markets or an economic slowdown. As a result of uncertainties with respect to financial institutions and the global credit markets and other macroeconomic challenges currently or potentially affecting the economy of the U.S. and other parts of the world, customers may experience serious cash flow problems and other financial difficulties, decreasing demand for the products of our carriers. In addition, events in the U.S. or foreign markets, such as the U.K.’s exit from the European Union, the worldwide effects from the spread of COVID-19 and political and social unrest in various countries around the world, can impact the global economy and capital markets. Our carriers may modify, delay, or cancel plans to offer new products or may make changes in the mix of products purchased that are unfavorable to us. Additionally, if carriers are not successful in generating sufficient revenue or are precluded from securing financing, their businesses will suffer, which may materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

In addition, we are susceptible to risks associated with the potential financial instability of the vendors on which we rely to provide services or to whom we delegate certain functions. The same conditions that may affect carriers and customers also could adversely affect our vendors, causing them to significantly and quickly increase their prices or reduce their output. Our business depends on our ability to perform, in an efficient and uninterrupted fashion, our necessary business functions, and any interruption in the services provided by third parties could also adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. See “—The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak and measures taken in response thereto impact our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.”

 

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Acquisitions of other businesses or technologies could disrupt and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We have in the past acquired businesses and in the future may decide to acquire other businesses, products and technologies. Our ability as an organization to successfully make and integrate acquisitions is unproven. Acquisitions could require significant capital infusions and could involve many risks, including the following:

 

   

an acquisition may negatively impact our results of operations because it will require us to incur transaction expenses, and after the transaction, may require us to incur charges and substantial debt or liabilities, may require the amortization, write down or impairment of amounts related to deferred compensation, goodwill and other intangible assets, or may cause adverse tax consequences, substantial depreciation or deferred compensation charges;

 

   

an acquisition undertaken for strategic business purposes may negatively impact our results of operations;

 

   

we may encounter difficulties in assimilating and integrating the business, technologies, products, personnel or operations of companies that we acquire, particularly if key personnel of the acquired company decide not to work for us;

 

   

an acquisition may disrupt our ongoing business, divert resources, increase our expenses and distract our management;

 

   

we may be required to implement or improve internal controls, procedures and policies appropriate for a public company at a business that prior to the acquisition lacked these controls, procedures and policies;

 

   

the acquired businesses may have unexpected liabilities that we will be forced to assume;

 

   

the acquired businesses, products or technologies may not generate sufficient revenue to offset acquisition costs or to maintain our financial results; and

 

   

acquisitions may involve the entry into geographic or business markets in which we have little or no prior experience, such as our acquisition of Creatix which had operations in Slovakia.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to identify or consummate any future acquisition on favorable terms, or at all. If we do pursue an acquisition, it is possible that we may not realize the anticipated benefits from the acquisition or that the financial markets or investors will negatively view the acquisition. Even if we successfully complete an acquisition, it could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our business may not grow if consumers are not informed about the availability and accessibility of affordable health insurance.

Numerous health insurance products are available to consumers in any given market. Most of these products vary by price, benefits and other policy features. Health insurance terminology and provisions are often confusing and difficult to understand. As a result, researching, selecting and purchasing health insurance can be a complex process. We believe that this complexity has contributed to a perception held by many consumers that individual health insurance is prohibitively expensive and difficult to obtain. If consumers are not informed about the availability and accessibility of affordable health insurance, our business may not grow and our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

Changes in our provision for income taxes or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income or other tax returns or changes in tax legislation could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our provision for income taxes is subject to volatility and could be adversely affected by a number of factors, including earnings differing materially from our projections, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets

 

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and liabilities, expected timing and amount of the release of any tax valuation allowances, tax effects of share-based compensation, outcomes as a result of tax examinations or by changes in tax laws, regulations, accounting principles, including accounting for uncertain tax positions, or interpretations thereof.

To the extent that our provision for income taxes is subject to volatility or adverse outcomes as a result of tax examinations, our operating results could be harmed. Significant judgment is required to determine the recognition and measurement attribute prescribed in U.S. GAAP relating to accounting for income taxes. In addition, we are subject to examinations of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, and other tax authorities. We assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. There may be exposure that the outcomes from these examinations will have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

On March 27, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was signed into law. The CARES Act, among other things, includes provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer side social security payments, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. We continue to evaluate the applicability of the CARES Act to us; however, we believe that the CARES Act will not have a material impact on our business.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property and Technology

We rely on data provided to us by customers, carriers and third-party lead suppliers to improve our technology and service offerings, and if we are unable to maintain or grow such data, we may be unable to provide customers with an insurance shopping experience that is relevant, efficient and effective, which could adversely affect our business.

Our business relies on the data provided to us by customers, carriers and third-party lead suppliers. The large amount of data that we use in operating our marketplace platform, and the accuracy of such data, is critical to our ability to provide a relevant, efficient and effective insurance shopping experience for customers. For example, if the data provided to us by our customers during the insurance shopping process is not accurate, our ability to match our customers with relevant and suitable insurance products would be impaired, which could lead to an increase in rejections of policies that we submit to carriers. Further, if we are unable to maintain or effectively utilize the data provided to us, the value that we provide to customers and carriers may be limited as well. If we do not obtain accurate data from our consumers or if we are unable to maintain or effectively utilize the data provided to us, consumers who use our platform could have a negative shopping experience, which could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Although we have made substantial investments into our technology systems, we cannot assure you that we will be able to continually collect and retain sufficient data, or improve our data technologies to satisfy our operating needs. Failure to do so could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our business is subject to security risks and, if we are subject to cyber-attacks, security breaches or otherwise unable to safeguard the security and privacy of confidential data, including personal health information, our business will be harmed.

Our services involve the collection and storage of confidential and personal information of consumers and employees, including protected health information subject to HIPAA and other individually identifiable health information, and the transmission of this information to their chosen carriers and to government. For example, in our online lead generation business, we collect and disclose names, contact information, date of birth, and sensitive information regarding the medical history of consumers. Information security risks have generally

 

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increased in recent years because of the proliferation of new technologies and the increased sophistication and activities of perpetrators of cyber-attacks. Hackers and data thieves are increasingly sophisticated and operating large-scale and complex automated attacks, including on companies within the healthcare industry. As cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend additional resources to further enhance our information security measures, develop additional protocols and/or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities.

Because our services involve the collection, processing, use, storage and transmission of confidential and personal information of consumers and employees, including protected health information subject to HIPAA and other individually identifiable health information, we are subject to various laws, regulations, industry standards and contractual requirements regarding the collection, maintenance, protection, use, transmission, disclosure and disposal of personal information. We also hold a significant amount of personal information relating to our current and former employees. We cannot guarantee that our facilities and systems, and those of our third-party service providers, will be free of security breaches, cyber-attacks, acts of vandalism, computer viruses, malware, ransomware, denial-of-service attacks, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human errors or other similar events. Compliance with privacy and security laws, requirements and regulations may result in cost increases due to new constraints on our business, the development of new processes, the effects of potential non-compliance by us or third-party service providers, and enforcement actions. We may be required to expend significant amounts and other resources to protect against security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by security breaches and other threats to our information technology systems. Despite our implementation of security measures, techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently. As a result, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Additionally, our third-party service providers who process information on our behalf may cause security breaches for which we are responsible.

Any compromise or perceived compromise of the security of our systems or the systems of one or more of our vendors or service providers could damage our reputation, cause the termination of relationships with government-run health insurance exchanges, carriers, and/or our customers, result in disruption or interruption to our business operations, marketing partners and carriers, reduce demand for our services and subject us to significant liability and expense as well as regulatory action and lawsuits, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition. The CCPA, in particular, includes a private right of action for California consumers whose CCPA-covered personal information is impacted by a data security incident resulting from a company’s failure to maintain reasonable security procedures, and hence may result in civil litigation in the event of a data breach impacting such information. Although we maintain insurance covering certain security and privacy damages and claim expenses, we may not carry insurance or maintain coverage sufficient to compensate for all liability and in any event, insurance coverage would not address the reputational damage that could result from a security incident or any regulatory actions or litigation that may result. In addition, in the event that additional data security laws are implemented, or our carrier or other partners determine to impose additional requirements on us relating to data security, we may not be able to timely comply with such requirements or such requirements may not be compatible with our current processes. For example, legislators and regulators in the U.S. have enacted and are proposing new and more robust privacy and cybersecurity laws and regulations in response to increasing broad-based cyberattacks, including the CCPA and the New York SHIELD Act. New data security laws add additional complexity, requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk and compliance programs may require additional investment in resources, and could impact strategies and availability of previously useful data. Changing our processes to comply with new laws or new requirements imposed by our carriers could be time consuming and expensive, and failure to timely implement required changes could result in our inability to sell health insurance plans in a particular jurisdiction or for a particular carrier or subject us to liability for non-compliance, any of which would damage our business, operating results and financial condition. For instance, carriers may require us to be compliant with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, or PCI DSS, security standards in order to accept credit card information from customers or require us to comply with privacy and security standards to do business with us at all. PCI DSS compliance and compliance with other privacy and security standards are regularly assessed, and the

 

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possibility exists that we may not always be compliant with the standards. If we are not in compliance, we may not be able to accept credit card information from customers to the extent needed, or conduct health insurance business, and our relationship with carriers could be adversely impacted or terminated, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, which could harm our business and operating results.

We believe that our intellectual property is an essential asset of our business and that our technology currently gives us a competitive advantage in the distribution of Medicare-related, individual and family health insurance. We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark and trade secret laws as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to establish and protect our intellectual property rights in the United States. The efforts we have taken to protect our intellectual property may not be sufficient or effective. In addition, monitoring unauthorized uses of our intellectual property and unauthorized disclosures of our trade secrets and other confidential or proprietary information can be difficult, and even if we do detect violations, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights. Any enforcement efforts we undertake, including litigation, could be time-consuming and expensive, could divert our management’s attention and may result in a court determining that our intellectual property or other proprietary rights are unenforceable. If we are not successful in cost-effectively protecting our confidential information, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed. Further, if a competitor lawfully obtains or independently develops the technology that we maintain as a trade secret, we would have no right to prevent such competitor from using that technology or proprietary information to compete with us, which could harm our competitive position.

In addition, we use open source software in connection with our proprietary software and expect to continue to use open source software in the future. Some open-source licenses, commonly referred to as “copyleft” licenses, require licensors to provide source code to licensees upon request, or prohibit licensors from charging a fee to licensees. We try to insulate our proprietary code from the effects of such “copyleft” provisions. While we have policies in place to avoid usage of software from “copyleft” licenses, and while we conduct audits and have other procedures in place in an effort to ensure these policies are followed, we cannot guarantee that these efforts will be successful. Accordingly, we may face claims from others claiming ownership of, or seeking to enforce the license terms applicable to such open source software, including by demanding release of the open source software, derivative works or our proprietary source code that was developed or distributed with such software. These claims could also result in litigation, require us to purchase a costly license or require us to devote additional research and development resources to change our software, any of which would have a negative effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, if the license terms for the open source software change, we may be forced to re-engineer our software or incur additional costs. We cannot assure you that we have not incorporated open source software into our proprietary software in a manner that may subject our proprietary software to an open source license that requires disclosure, to customers or the public, of the source code to such proprietary software. Any such disclosure would have a negative effect on our business and the value of our proprietary software.

We may become subject to intellectual property disputes, which are costly and may subject us to significant liability and increased costs of doing business.

Third parties may be able to successfully challenge, oppose, invalidate, render unenforceable, dilute, misappropriate or circumvent our trademarks, copyrights and other intellectual property rights. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to develop and commercialize our products and services without infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating the intellectual property rights of third parties. However, we may not be aware that our products or services are infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating third-party intellectual property rights and such third parties may bring claims alleging such infringement, misappropriation or violation.

 

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Actions we may take to enforce our intellectual property rights may be expensive and divert management’s attention away from the ordinary operation of our business, and our inability to secure and protect our intellectual property rights could materially and adversely affect our brand and business, operating results and financial condition. Furthermore, such enforcement actions, even if successful, may not result in an adequate remedy. In addition, many companies have the capability to dedicate greater resources to enforce their intellectual property rights and to defend claims that may be brought against them. If a third-party is able to obtain an injunction preventing us from accessing such third-party intellectual property rights, or if we cannot license or develop alternative technology for any infringing aspect of our business, we would be forced to limit or stop sales of our products and platform capabilities or cease business activities related to such intellectual property.

Although we carry general liability insurance, our insurance may not cover potential claims of this type and may not be adequate to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed. We cannot predict the outcome of lawsuits and cannot ensure that the results of any such actions will not have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Such claims could subject us to significant liability for damages and could result in our having to stop using technology found to be in violation of a third party’s rights. Further, we might be required to seek a license for third-party intellectual property, which may not be available on reasonable royalty or other terms. Alternatively, we could be required to develop alternative non-infringing technology, which could require significant effort and expense. If we cannot license or develop technology for any infringing aspect of our business, we would be forced to limit our services, which could affect our ability to compete effectively. Any of these results would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Risks Related to Our Indebtedness

Our debt obligations contain restrictions that impact our business and expose us to risks that could materially adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.

The total principal amount of debt outstanding under our Credit Facilities, excluding unamortized debt discount and deferred issuance costs, as of March 31, 2020 was $415.5 million, consisting of $298.5 million and $117.0 million outstanding under our Term Loan Facility and Incremental Term Loan Facility, respectively. Our indebtedness could have significant effects on our business, such as:

 

   

limiting our ability to borrow additional amounts to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, execution of our growth strategy and other purposes;

 

   

limiting our ability to make investments, including acquisitions, loans and advances, and to sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of assets;

 

   

requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to pay principal and interest on our borrowings, which would reduce availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, execution of our growth strategy and other general corporate purposes;

 

   

making us more vulnerable to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions, in government regulation and in our business by limiting our ability to plan for and react to changing conditions;

 

   

placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared with our competitors that have less debt; and

 

   

exposing us to risks inherent in interest rate fluctuations because our borrowings are at variable rates of interest, which could result in higher interest expense in the event of increases in interest rates.

In addition, we may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow from our operations to repay our indebtedness when it becomes due and to meet our other cash needs. If we are not able to pay our borrowings as they become due, we will be required to pursue one or more alternative strategies, such as selling assets, refinancing or restructuring our indebtedness or selling additional debt or equity securities. We may not be able to refinance our debt or sell additional debt or equity securities or our assets on favorable terms, if at all, and if we must sell our assets, it may negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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Restrictions imposed by our Credit Facilities may materially limit our ability to operate our business and finance our future operations or capital needs.

The terms of our Credit Facilities restrict us and our restricted subsidiaries from engaging in specified types of transactions. These covenants restrict our ability, and that of our restricted subsidiaries, to, among other things:

 

   

incur indebtedness;

 

   

incur certain liens;

 

   

consolidate, merge or sell or otherwise dispose of assets;

 

   

make investments, loans, advances, guarantees and acquisitions;

 

   

pay dividends or make other distributions on equity interests, or redeem, repurchase or retire equity interests;

 

   

enter into transactions with affiliates;

 

   

alter the business conducted by us and our subsidiaries;

 

   

change their fiscal year; and

 

   

amend or modify governing documents.

A breach of any of these covenants, or any other covenant in the documents governing our Credit Facilities, could result in a default or event of default under our Credit Facilities. In the event of any event of default under our Credit Facilities, the applicable lenders or agents could elect to terminate borrowing commitments and declare all borrowings and loans outstanding thereunder, together with accrued and unpaid interest and any fees and other obligations, to be immediately due and payable. In addition, or in the alternative, the applicable lenders or agents could exercise their rights under the security documents entered into in connection with our Credit Facilities. We have pledged substantially all of our assets as collateral securing our Credit Facilities and any such exercise of remedies on any material portion of such collateral would likely materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

If we were unable to repay or otherwise refinance these borrowings and loans when due, and the applicable lenders proceeded against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness, we may be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. In the event the applicable lenders accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness. Any acceleration of amounts due under our Credit Facilities or other outstanding indebtedness would also likely have a material adverse effect on us.

Pursuant to our Credit Agreement, we are required to maintain, on a consolidated basis, a maximum ratio of consolidated total net debt to consolidated EBITDA (with certain adjustments as set forth in the Credit Agreement), tested as of the last day of the most recently completed four consecutive fiscal quarters. Our ability to borrow under our Credit Agreement depends on our compliance with this financial covenant. Events beyond our control, including changes in general economic and business conditions, may affect our ability to satisfy the financial covenant. We cannot assure you that we will satisfy the financial covenant in the future, or that our lenders will waive any failure to satisfy the financial covenant.

Developments with respect to LIBOR may affect our borrowings under our Credit Facilities.

Regulators and law enforcement agencies in the U.K. and elsewhere are conducting civil and criminal investigations into whether the banks that contribute to the British Bankers’ Association (“BBA”) in connection with the calculation of daily LIBOR may have been under-reporting or otherwise manipulating or attempting to manipulate LIBOR. A number of BBA member banks have entered into settlements with their regulators and law enforcement agencies with respect to this alleged manipulation of LIBOR. Actions by the BBA, regulators or law enforcement agencies may result in changes to the manner in which LIBOR is determined or the establishment of alternative reference rates. For example, on July 27, 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit LIBOR quotes after 2021.

 

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Our Credit Agreement provides that interest may be based on LIBOR and for the use of an alternate rate to LIBOR in the event LIBOR is phased-out; however, uncertainty remains as to any such replacement rate and any such replacement rate may be higher or lower than LIBOR may have been. The establishment of alternative reference rates or implementation of any other potential changes may materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure

Our principal asset after the completion of this offering will be our interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC, and, as a result, we will depend on distributions from GoHealth Holdings, LLC to pay our taxes and expenses, including payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. GoHealth Holdings, LLC’s ability to make such distributions may be subject to various limitations and restrictions.

Upon the consummation of this offering and the Transactions, we will be a holding company and will have no material assets other than our ownership of LLC Interests. As such, we will have no independent means of generating revenue or cash flow, and our ability to pay our taxes and operating expenses or declare and pay dividends in the future, if any, will be dependent upon the financial results and cash flows of GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries and distributions we receive from GoHealth Holdings, LLC. There can be no assurance that GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries will generate sufficient cash flow to distribute funds to us or that applicable state law and contractual restrictions, including negative covenants in our debt instruments, will permit such distributions. Although GoHealth Holdings, LLC is not currently subject to any debt instruments or other agreements that would restrict its ability to make distributions to us, the terms of our Credit Facilities and other outstanding indebtedness restrict the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends to GoHealth Holdings, LLC.

GoHealth Holdings, LLC will continue to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such, generally will not be subject to any entity-level U.S. federal income tax. Instead, any taxable income of GoHealth Holdings, LLC will be allocated to holders of LLC Interests, including us. Accordingly, we will incur income taxes on our allocable share of any net taxable income of GoHealth Holdings, LLC. Under the terms of the GoHealth Holdings, LLC Agreement, GoHealth Holdings, LLC will be obligated, subject to various limitations and restrictions, including with respect to our debt agreements, to make tax distributions to holders of LLC Interests, including us. In addition to tax expenses, we will also incur expenses related to our operations, including payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, which we expect could be significant. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement.” We intend, as its managing member, to cause GoHealth Holdings, LLC to make cash distributions to the holders of LLC Interests in an amount sufficient to (1) fund all or part of their tax obligations in respect of taxable income allocated to them and (2) cover our operating expenses, including payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. However, GoHealth Holdings, LLC’s ability to make such distributions may be subject to various limitations and restrictions, such as restrictions on distributions that would either violate any contract or agreement to which GoHealth Holdings, LLC is then a party, including debt agreements, or any applicable law, or that would have the effect of rendering GoHealth Holdings, LLC insolvent. If we do not have sufficient funds to pay tax or other liabilities, or to fund our operations (including, if applicable, as a result of an acceleration of our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement), we may have to borrow funds, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition, and subject us to various restrictions imposed by any lenders of such funds. To the extent we are unable to make timely payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement for any reason, such payments generally will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid; provided, however, that nonpayment for a specified period may constitute a material breach of a material obligation under the Tax Receivable Agreement resulting in the acceleration of payments due under the Tax Receivable Agreement. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement” and “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions— GoHealth Holdings, LLC Agreement—Agreement in Effect Upon Consummation of the Transactions—Distributions.” In addition, if GoHealth Holdings, LLC does not have sufficient funds to make distributions, our ability to declare and pay cash dividends will also be restricted or impaired. See “—Risks Related to the Offering and Ownership of our Class A Common Stock” and “Dividend Policy.”

 

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Under the GoHealth Holdings, LLC Agreement, we intend to cause GoHealth Holdings, LLC, from time to time, to make distributions in cash to its equityholders (including us) in amounts sufficient to cover the taxes imposed on their allocable share of taxable income of GoHealth Holdings, LLC. As a result of (1) potential differences in the amount of net taxable income allocable to us and to GoHealth Holdings, LLC’s other equityholders, (2) the lower tax rate applicable to corporations as opposed to individuals, and (3) certain tax benefits that we anticipate from (a) future purchases or redemptions of LLC Interests from the Continuing Equity Owners, (b) payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement and (c) any acquisition of interests in GoHealth Holdings, LLC from other equityholders in connection with the consummation of the Transactions, these tax distributions may be in amounts that exceed our tax liabilities. Our board of directors will determine the appropriate uses for any excess cash so accumulated, which may include, among other uses, the payment of obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement and the payment of other expenses. We will have no obligation to distribute such cash (or other available cash) to our stockholders. No adjustments to the exchange ratio for LLC Interests and corresponding shares of Class A common stock will be made as a result of any cash distribution by us or any retention of cash by us. To the extent we do not distribute such excess cash as dividends on our Class A common stock we may take other actions with respect to such excess cash, for example, holding such excess cash, or lending it (or a portion thereof) to GoHealth Holdings, LLC, which may result in shares of our Class A common stock increasing in value relative to the value of LLC Interests. The holders of LLC Interests may benefit from any value attributable to such cash balances if they acquire shares of Class A common stock in exchange for their LLC Interests, notwithstanding that such holders may have participated previously as holders of LLC Interests in distributions that resulted in such excess cash balances.

The Tax Receivable Agreement with the Continuing Equity Owners requires us to make cash payments to them in respect of certain tax benefits to which we may become entitled, and we expect that such payments will be substantial.

In connection with the consummation of this offering, we will enter into a Tax Receivable Agreement with GoHealth Holdings, LLC and each of the Continuing Equity Owners and Blocker Shareholders. Under the Tax Receivable Agreement, we will be required to make cash payments to the Continuing Equity Owners and the Blocker Shareholders equal to 85% of the tax benefits, if any, that we actually realize, or in certain circumstances are deemed to realize, as a result of (1) GoHealth, Inc.’s allocable share of existing tax basis acquired in connection with the Transactions (including the Blocker Company’s share of existing tax basis) and increases to such allocable share of existing tax basis; (2) the increases in our share of the tax basis of assets of GoHealth Holdings, LLC resulting from (a) the purchase of LLC Interests directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC and the partial redemption of LLC Interests by GoHealth Holdings, LLC as described under “Use of Proceeds,” (b) any future redemptions or exchanges of LLC Interests from the Continuing Equity Owners as described under “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—GoHealth Holdings, LLC Agreement—Agreement in Effect Upon Consummation of the Transactions—Common Unit Redemption Right,” and (c) certain distributions (or deemed distributions) by GoHealth Holdings, LLC; and (3) certain other tax benefits arising from payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. We expect that the amount of the cash payments we will be required to make under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be substantial. Any payments made by us to the Continuing Equity Owners and the Blocker Shareholders under the Tax Receivable Agreement will not be available for reinvestment in our business and will generally reduce the amount of overall cash flow that might have otherwise been available to us. To the extent that we are unable to make timely payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement for any reason, the unpaid amounts will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid by us. Payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement are not conditioned upon one or more of the Continuing Equity Owners maintaining a continued ownership interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC. Furthermore, our future obligation to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement could make us a less attractive target for an acquisition, particularly in the case of an acquirer that cannot use some or all of the tax benefits that are the subject of the Tax Receivable Agreement. For more information, see “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement.” The existing tax basis acquired in connection with the Transactions, the actual increase in tax basis, and the actual utilization of any resulting tax benefits, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors:

 

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including the timing of redemptions by the Continuing Equity Owners; the price of shares of our Class A common stock at the time of the exchange; the extent to which such exchanges are taxable; the amount of gain recognized by such Continuing Equity Owners; the amount and timing of the taxable income allocated to us or otherwise generated by us in the future; the portion of our payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement constituting imputed interest; and the federal and state tax rates then applicable.

Our organizational structure, including the Tax Receivable Agreement, confers certain benefits upon the Continuing Equity Owners that will not benefit holders of our Class A common stock to the same extent that it will benefit the Continuing Equity Owners.

Our organizational structure, including the Tax Receivable Agreement, confers certain benefits upon the Continuing Equity Owners that will not benefit the holders of our Class A common stock to the same extent that it will benefit the Continuing Equity Owners. We will enter into the Tax Receivable Agreement with GoHealth Holdings, LLC and the Continuing Equity Owners and the Blocker Shareholders in connection with the completion of this offering and the Transactions, which will provide for the payment by us to the Continuing Equity Owners and the Blocker Shareholders of 85% of the amount of tax benefits, if any, that we actually realize, or in some circumstances are deemed to realize, as a result of (1) GoHealth, Inc.’s allocable share of existing tax basis acquired in connection with the Transactions (including the Blocker Company’s share of existing tax basis) and increases to such allocable share of existing tax basis; (2) the increases in our share of the tax basis of assets of GoHealth Holdings, LLC resulting from (a) the purchase of LLC Interests directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC and, the partial redemption of LLC Interests by GoHealth Holdings, LLC as described under “Use of Proceeds,” (b) any future redemptions or exchanges of LLC Interests from the Continuing Equity Owners as described under “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions— GoHealth Holdings, LLC Agreement—Agreement in Effect Upon Consummation of the Transactions—Common Unit Redemption Right” and (c) certain distributions (or deemed distributions) by GoHealth Holdings, LLC; and (3) certain other tax benefits arising from payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement.” Although we will retain 15% of the amount of such tax benefits, this and other aspects of our organizational structure may adversely impact the future trading market for the Class A common stock.

In certain cases, payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement to the Continuing Equity Owners and the Blocker Shareholders may be accelerated or significantly exceed any actual benefits we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement.

The Tax Receivable Agreement will provide that if (1) we materially breach any of our material obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement, (2) certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations or other changes of control were to occur after the consummation of this offering, or (3) we elect an early termination of the Tax Receivable Agreement, then our obligations, or our successor’s obligations, under the Tax Receivable Agreement to make payments would be based on certain assumptions, including an assumption that we would have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize all potential future tax benefits that are subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement.

As a result of the foregoing, we would be required to make an immediate cash payment equal to the present value of the anticipated future tax benefits that are the subject of the Tax Receivable Agreement, based on certain assumptions, which payment may be made significantly in advance of the actual realization, if any, of such future tax benefits. We could also be required to make cash payments to the Continuing Equity Owners and the Blocker Shareholders that are greater than the specified percentage of any actual benefits we ultimately realize in respect of the tax benefits that are subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement. In these situations, our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement could have a substantial negative impact on our liquidity and could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations or other changes of control. There can be no assurance that we will be able to fund or finance our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement. We may need to incur debt to finance payments under the Tax Receivable

 

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Agreement to the extent our cash resources are insufficient to meet our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement as a result of timing discrepancies or otherwise.

We will not be reimbursed for any payments made to the Continuing Equity Owners and the Blocker Shareholders under the Tax Receivable Agreement in the event that any tax benefits are disallowed.

Payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be based on the tax reporting positions that we determine, and the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, or another tax authority, may challenge all or part of the tax basis increases or other tax benefits we claim, as well as other related tax positions we take, and a court could sustain such challenge. If the outcome of any such challenge would reasonably be expected to materially and adversely affect a recipient’s payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, then we will not be permitted to settle or fail to contest such challenge without the consent (not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) of Centerbridge and the Founders. The interests of Centerbridge or the Founders in any such challenge may differ from or conflict with our interests and your interests, and Centerbridge or the Founders may exercise their consent rights relating to any such challenge in a manner adverse to our interests and your interests. We will not be reimbursed for any cash payments previously made to the Continuing Equity Owners and the Blocker Shareholders under the Tax Receivable Agreement in the event that any tax benefits initially claimed by us and for which payment has been made to a Continuing Equity Owner or a Blocker Shareholder are subsequently challenged by a taxing authority and are ultimately disallowed. Instead, any excess cash payments made by us to a Continuing Equity Owner and/or a Blocker Shareholder, as applicable, will be netted against any future cash payments we might otherwise be required to make to such Continuing Equity Owner and/or such Blocker Shareholder, under the terms of the Tax Receivable Agreement. However, we might not determine that we have effectively made an excess cash payment to a Continuing Equity Owner and/or a Blocker Shareholder, as applicable, for a number of years following the initial time of such payment and, if any of our tax reporting positions are challenged by a taxing authority, we will not be permitted to reduce any future cash payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement until any such challenge is finally settled or determined. Moreover, the excess cash payments we made previously under the Tax Receivable Agreement could be greater than the amount of future cash payments against which we would otherwise be permitted to net such excess. The applicable U.S. federal income tax rules for determining applicable tax benefits we may claim are complex and factual in nature, and there can be no assurance that the IRS or a court will not disagree with our tax reporting positions. As a result, payments could be made under the Tax Receivable Agreement significantly in excess of any actual cash tax savings that we realize in respect of the tax attributes with respect to a Continuing Equity Owner and/or a Blocker Shareholder that are the subject of the Tax Receivable Agreement.

Unanticipated changes in effective tax rates or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income or other tax returns could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to taxes by the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax authorities. Our future effective tax rates could be subject to volatility or adversely affected by a number of factors, including:

 

   

allocation of expenses to and among different jurisdictions;

 

   

changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities;

 

   

expected timing and amount of the release of any tax valuation allowances;

 

   

tax effects of stock-based compensation;

 

   

costs related to intercompany restructurings;

 

   

changes in tax laws, tax treaties, regulations or interpretations thereof; or

 

   

lower than anticipated future earnings in jurisdictions where we have lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated future earnings in jurisdictions where we have higher statutory tax rates.

 

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In addition, we may be subject to audits of our income, sales and other taxes by U.S. federal, state, and local and foreign taxing authorities. Outcomes from these audits could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

If we were deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the 1940 Act, including as a result of our ownership of GoHealth Holdings, LLC, applicable restrictions could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Under Sections 3(a)(1)(A) and (C) of the 1940 Act, a company generally will be deemed to be an “investment company” for purposes of the 1940 Act if (1) it is, or holds itself out as being, engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities, or (2) it engages, or proposes to engage, in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and it owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. We do not believe that we are an “investment company,” as such term is defined in either of those sections of the 1940 Act.

We and GoHealth Holdings, LLC intend to conduct our operations so that we will not be deemed an investment company. As the sole managing member of GoHealth Holdings, LLC, we will control and operate GoHealth Holdings, LLC. On that basis, we believe that our interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC is not an “investment security” as that term is used in the 1940 Act. However, if we were to cease participation in the management of GoHealth Holdings, LLC, or if GoHealth Holdings, LLC itself becomes an investment company, our interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC could be deemed an “investment security” for purposes of the 1940 Act.

We and GoHealth Holdings, LLC intend to conduct our operations so that we will not be deemed an investment company. If it were established that we were an unregistered investment company, there would be a risk that we would be subject to monetary penalties and injunctive relief in an action brought by the SEC, that we would be unable to enforce contracts with third parties and that third parties could seek to obtain rescission of transactions undertaken during the period it was established that we were an unregistered investment company. If we were required to register as an investment company, restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act, including limitations on our capital structure and our ability to transact with affiliates, could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Risks Related to the Offering and Ownership of our Class A Common Stock

The Continuing Equity Owners will continue to have significant influence over us after this offering, including control over decisions that require the approval of stockholders.

Upon consummation of this offering, the Continuing Equity Owners will control, in the aggregate, approximately                 % of the voting power represented by all our outstanding classes of stock. In addition, certain of our directors, officers and employees have indicated an interest to purchase an aggregate of up to 5% of the Class A common stock in this offering at the initial public offering price in the Directed Share Program. If such directors, officers or employees purchase all shares they have indicated interests in purchasing under the Directed Share Program, our directors, officers, holders of 5% or more of our capital stock and their respective affiliates will control, in the aggregate, approximately                 % of the voting power represented by all of our outstanding classes of stock upon consummation of this offering (based on the assumed initial public offering price of $            per share, the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares and no exercise of outstanding options). As a result, the Continuing Equity Owners will continue to exercise significant influence over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election and removal of directors and the size of our board, any amendment of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or bylaws and any approval of significant corporate transactions (including a sale of all or substantially all of our assets), and will continue to have significant control over our business, affairs and policies, including the appointment of our management.

 

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The directors the Continuing Equity Owners elect have the authority to incur additional debt, issue or repurchase stock, declare dividends and make other decisions that could be detrimental to stockholders.

We expect that members of our board will continue to be appointed by and/or affiliated with the Continuing Equity Owners who will have the ability to appoint the majority of directors. The Continuing Equity Owners can take actions that have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of us or discouraging others from making tender offers for our shares, which could prevent stockholders from receiving a premium for their shares. These actions may be taken even if other stockholders oppose them. The concentration of voting power with the Continuing Equity Owners may have an adverse effect on the price of our Class A common stock. The Continuing Equity Owners may have interests that are different from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and that may be adverse to your interests.

Further, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, which will be in effect upon the consummation of the Transactions, will provide that the doctrine of “corporate opportunity” will not apply with respect to any director or stockholder who is not employed by us or our subsidiaries. See “—Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the doctrine of “corporate opportunity” will not apply with respect to any director or stockholder who is not employed by us or our subsidiaries.”

Centerbridge and its affiliates, a Continuing Equity Owner, engage in a broad spectrum of activities. In the ordinary course of its business activities, Centerbridge and its affiliates may engage in activities where their interests conflict with our interests or those of our other stockholders. Centerbridge or one of its affiliates may also pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business, and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. In addition, Centerbridge may have an interest in us pursuing acquisitions, divestitures and other transactions that, in its judgment, could enhance its investment, even though such transactions might involve risks to you. See “Description of Capital Stock—Corporate Opportunity Doctrine.”

We cannot predict the effect our dual class structure may have on the market price of our Class A common stock.

We cannot predict whether our dual class structure will result in a lower or more volatile market price of our Class A common stock, in adverse publicity, or other adverse consequences. For example, certain index providers have announced restrictions on including companies with multiple-class share structures in certain of their indices. In July 2017, FTSE Russell announced that it plans to require new constituents of its indices to have greater than 5% of the company’s voting rights in the hands of public stockholders, and S&P Dow Jones announced that it will no longer admit companies with multiple-class share structures to certain of its indices. Affected indices include the Russell 2000 and the S&P 500, S&P MidCap 400, and S&P SmallCap 600, which together make up the S&P Composite 1500. Also in 2017, MSCI, a leading stock index provider, opened public consultations on their treatment of no-vote and multi-class structures and temporarily barred new multi-class listings from certain of its indices and in October 2018, MSCI announced its decision to include equity securities “with unequal voting structures” in its indices and to launch a new index that specifically includes voting rights in its eligibility criteria. Under such announced policies, the dual class structure of our stock would make us ineligible for inclusion in certain indices and, as a result, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and other investment vehicles that attempt to track those indices would not invest in our Class A common stock. These policies are relatively new and it is unclear what effect, if any, they will have on the valuations of publicly-traded companies excluded from such indices, but it is possible they may depress valuations, compared to similar companies that are included. Given the sustained flow of investment funds into passive strategies that seek to track certain indices, exclusion from certain stock indices would likely preclude investment by many of these funds and could make our Class A common stock less attractive to other investors. As a result, the market price of our Class A common stock could be adversely affected.

 

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We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Nasdaq rules and, as a result, will qualify for, and intend to rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. You may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to such corporate governance requirements.

After the consummation of the Transactions,                                  will have more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors, and, as a result, we will be considered a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Nasdaq rules. As such, we will qualify for, and intend to rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements, including the requirements to have a majority of independent directors on our board of directors, an entirely independent nominating and corporate governance committee, an entirely independent compensation committee or to perform annual performance evaluations of the nominating and corporate governance and compensation committees.

The corporate governance requirements and, specifically, the independence standards are intended to ensure directors who are considered independent are free of any conflicting interest that could influence their actions as directors. Following this offering, we intend to utilize certain exemptions afforded to a “controlled company.” As a result, we will not be subject to certain corporate governance requirements, including that a majority of our board of directors consists of “independent directors,” as defined under the Nasdaq rules. In addition, we will not be required to have a nominating and corporate governance committee or compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities, or to conduct annual performance evaluations of the nominating and corporate governance and compensation committees.

Accordingly, you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq rules. Our status as a controlled company could make our Class A common stock less attractive to some investors or otherwise harm our stock price.

Certain provisions of Delaware law and antitakeover provisions in our organizational documents could delay or prevent a change of control.

Certain provisions of Delaware law and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may have an antitakeover effect and may delay, defer, or prevent a merger, acquisition, tender offer, takeover attempt or other change of control transaction that a stockholder might consider in its best interest, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares held by our stockholders. These provisions provide for, among other things:

 

   

a classified board of directors with staggered three-year terms;

 

   

the ability of our board of directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock;

 

   

advance notice for nominations of directors by stockholders and for stockholders to include matters to be considered at our annual meetings;

 

   

certain limitations on convening special stockholder meetings;

 

   

prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors;

 

   

the removal of directors only for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 662/3% of the voting power represented by our then-outstanding common stock; and

 

   

that certain provisions of amended and restated certificate of incorporation may be amended only by the affirmative vote of at least 662/3% of the voting power represented by our then-outstanding common stock.

These antitakeover provisions could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if the third party’s offer may be considered beneficial by many of our stockholders. As a result, our stockholders may be limited in their ability to obtain a premium for their shares.

 

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In addition, we have opted out of Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, which we refer to as the DGCL, but our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with any “interested” stockholder (any stockholder with    % or more of our voting stock) for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an “interested” stockholder is prohibited, subject to certain exceptions. See “Description of Capital Stock.”

The JOBS Act will allow us to postpone the date by which we must comply with certain laws and regulations intended to protect investors and to reduce the amount of information we provide in our reports filed with the SEC. We cannot be certain if this reduced disclosure will make our Class A common stock less attractive to investors.

The JOBS Act is intended to reduce the regulatory burden on “emerging growth companies.” As defined in the JOBS Act, a public company whose initial public offering of common equity securities occurs after December 8, 2011, and whose annual net revenues are less than $1.07 billion will, in general, qualify as an “emerging growth company” until the earliest of:

 

   

the last day of its fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of its initial public offering of common equity securities;

 

   

the last day of its fiscal year in which it has annual gross revenue of $1.07 billion or more;

 

   

the date on which it has, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.07 billion in nonconvertible debt; and

 

   

the date on which it is deemed to be a “large accelerated filer, ” which will occur at such time as the company (1) has an aggregate worldwide market value of common equity securities held by non-affiliates of $700 million or more as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (2) has been required to file annual and quarterly reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, for a period of at least 12 months, and (3) has filed at least one annual report pursuant to the Exchange Act.

Under this definition, we will be an “emerging growth company” upon completion of this offering and could remain an “emerging growth company” until as late as the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering. For so long as we are an “emerging growth company,” we will, among other things:

 

   

not be required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;

 

   

not be required to hold a nonbinding advisory stockholder vote on executive compensation pursuant to Section 14A(a) of the Exchange Act;

 

   

not be required to seek stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved pursuant to Section 14A(b) of the Exchange Act;

 

   

be exempt from the requirement of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, regarding the communication of critical audit matters in the auditor’s report on the financial statements; and

 

   

be subject to reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can use the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This permits an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period and, as a result, our consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of issuers who are required to comply with the effective dates for new or revised accounting standards that are applicable to public companies.

 

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We cannot predict if investors will find our Class A common stock less attractive as a result of our decision to take advantage of some or all of the reduced disclosure requirements above. If some investors find our Class A common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Class A common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

Our management team will have immediate and broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.

We currently intend to use a portion of the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes to support the growth of the business. See “Use of Proceeds.” Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds. Our shareholders may not agree with how our management chooses to allocate the net proceeds from this offering. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from this offering in a manner that does not produce income. The decisions made by our management may not result in positive returns on your investment and you will not have an opportunity to evaluate the economic, financial, or other information upon which our management bases its decisions.

Because we have no current plans to pay regular cash dividends on our Class A common stock following this offering, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your Class A common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.

We do not anticipate paying any regular cash dividends on our Class A common stock following this offering. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, general and economic conditions, our results of operations and financial condition, our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions, and such other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay dividends is, and may be, limited by covenants of existing and any future outstanding indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur, including under our Credit Facilities. Therefore, any return on investment in our Class A common stock is solely dependent upon the appreciation of the price of our Class A common stock on the open market, which may not occur. See “Dividend Policy” for more detail.

No market currently exists for our Class A common stock, and an active, liquid trading market for our Class A common stock may not develop, which may cause our Class A common stock to trade at a discount from the initial offering price and make it difficult for you to sell the Class A common stock you purchase.

Prior to this offering, there has not been a public market for our Class A common stock. We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in us will lead to the development of a trading market or how active and liquid that market may become. If an active and liquid trading market does not develop or continue, you may have difficulty selling any of our Class A common stock that you purchase at a price above the price you purchase it or at all. The initial public offering price for the shares was determined by negotiations between us and the underwriters and may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the open market following this offering. The failure of an active and liquid trading market to develop and continue would likely have a material adverse effect on the value of our Class A common stock. The market price of our Class A common stock may decline below the initial offering price, and you may not be able to sell your shares of our Class A common stock at or above the price you paid in this offering, or at all. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital to continue to fund operations by selling shares and may impair our ability to acquire other companies or technologies by using our shares as consideration.

 

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Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation matters and the federal district courts of the United States shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or stockholders.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide (A) (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, other employee or stockholder of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws (as either may be amended or restated) or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the law of the State of Delaware shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be exclusively brought in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, the federal district court of the State of Delaware; and (B) the federal district courts of the United States shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the exclusive forum provision shall not apply to claims seeking to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act. The choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, and other employees, although our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the forum provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the doctrine of “corporate opportunity” will not apply with respect to any director or stockholder who is not employed by us or our subsidiaries.

The doctrine of corporate opportunity generally provides that a corporate fiduciary may not develop an opportunity using corporate resources, acquire an interest adverse to that of the corporation or acquire property that is reasonably incident to the present or prospective business of the corporation or in which the corporation has a present or expectancy interest, unless that opportunity is first presented to the corporation and the corporation chooses not to pursue that opportunity. The doctrine of corporate opportunity is intended to preclude officers or directors or other fiduciaries from personally benefiting from opportunities that belong to the corporation. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, which will be in effect upon the consummation of the Transactions, will provide that the doctrine of “corporate opportunity” will not apply with respect to any director or stockholder who is not employed by us or our subsidiaries. Any director or stockholder who is not employed by us or our subsidiaries will, therefore, have no duty to communicate or present corporate opportunities to us, and will have the right to either hold any corporate opportunity for their (and their affiliates’) own account and benefit or to recommend, assign or otherwise transfer such corporate opportunity to persons other than us, including to any director or stockholder who is not employed by us or our subsidiaries.

As a result, certain of our stockholders, directors and their respective affiliates will not be prohibited from operating or investing in competing businesses. We, therefore, may find ourselves in competition with certain of our stockholders, directors or their respective affiliates, and we may not have knowledge of, or be able to pursue, transactions that could potentially be beneficial to us. Accordingly, we may lose a corporate opportunity or suffer competitive harm, which could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.

 

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If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or if they downgrade our stock or our sector, or if there is any fluctuation in our credit rating, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our Class A common stock will rely in part on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. We do not control these analysts. Securities and industry analysts do not currently, and may never, publish research on our company. If no securities or industry analysts commence coverage of us, the trading price of our shares would likely be negatively impacted. Furthermore, if one or more of the analysts who do cover us downgrade our stock or our industry, or the stock of any of our competitors, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts stops covering us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the market, which, in turn, could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

Additionally, any fluctuation in the credit rating of us or our subsidiaries may impact our ability to access debt markets in the future or increase our cost of future debt, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition, which in return may adversely affect the trading price of shares of our Class A common stock.

As a public reporting company, we will be subject to the Nasdaq rules and the rules and regulations established from time to time by the SEC regarding our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, or report them in a timely manner.

Upon completion of this offering, we will become a public reporting company subject to the Nasdaq rules and the rules and regulations established from time to time by the SEC. These rules and regulations will require, among other things, that we establish and periodically evaluate procedures with respect to our internal control over financial reporting. Reporting obligations as a public company are likely to place a considerable strain on our financial and management systems, processes and controls, as well as on our personnel.

In addition, as a public company we will be required to document and test our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act so that our management can certify as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting by the time our second annual report is filed with the SEC and thereafter, which will require us to document and make significant changes to our internal control over financial reporting. Likewise, our independent registered public accounting firm will be required to provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting at such time as we cease to be an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we become an accelerated or large accelerated filer. As described above, we could potentially qualify as an “emerging growth company” until as late as the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering.

We expect to incur costs related to implementing an internal audit and compliance function in the upcoming years to further improve our internal control environment. If we identify future deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting or if we are unable to comply with the demands that will be placed upon us as a public company, including the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, in a timely manner, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results, or report them within the timeframes required by the SEC. We also could become subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities. In addition, if we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, when required, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, we may face restricted access to the capital markets and our stock price may be adversely affected.

We will incur significant costs as a result of operating as a public company.

Prior to this offering, we operated on a private basis. After this offering, we will be subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, the listing requirements of

 

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the                and other applicable securities laws and regulations. The expenses incurred by public companies generally for reporting and corporate governance purposes have been increasing. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more difficult, time-consuming and costly, although we are currently unable to estimate these costs with any degree of certainty. We also expect that being a public company and being subject to new rules and regulations will make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These laws and regulations could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors, our board committees or as our executive officers. Furthermore, if we are unable to satisfy our obligations as a public company, we could be subject to delisting of our Class A common stock, fines, sanctions and other regulatory action and potentially civil litigation. These factors may, therefore, strain our resources, divert management’s attention and affect our ability to attract and retain qualified board members.

Future sales, or the perception of future sales, by us or our existing stockholders in the public market following this offering could cause the market price for our Class A common stock to decline.

After this offering, the sale of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of shares of our Class A common stock. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate.

Upon consummation of the Transactions, we will have outstanding a total of                shares of Class A common stock. Of the outstanding shares, the                shares sold in this offering (or                shares if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares) will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, other than any shares held by our affiliates. In addition, the shares of Class A common stock issued to the Blocker Shareholders in the Transactions will be eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144 without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, other than affiliate restrictions under Rule 144. Any shares of Class A common stock held by our affiliates will be eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act, subject to the volume, manner of sale, holding period and other limitations of Rule 144.

Our directors and executive officers, and substantially all of our stockholders have entered into lock-up agreements with the underwriters prior to the commencement of this offering pursuant to which each of these persons or entities, subject to certain exceptions, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, may not, without the prior written consent of any two of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, BofA Securities, Inc. and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, (1) offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge, grant any option to purchase, lend or otherwise dispose of any shares of our Class A common stock, or any options or warrants to purchase any shares of our Class A common stock, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for or that represent the right to receive shares of our Class A common stock (including, without limitation, common stock or such other securities which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by such directors, executive officers, managers and members in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and securities which may be issued upon exercise of a stock option or warrant); (2) engage in any hedging or other transaction or arrangement (including, without limitation, any short sale or the purchase or sale of, or entry into, any put or call option, or combination thereof, forward, swap or any other derivative transaction or instrument, however described or defined) which is designed to, or which reasonably could be expected to lead to, or result in, a sale, loan, pledge or other disposition of shares of our Class A common stock or such other securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of Class A common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise; or (3) make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration of any shares of our Class A common stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock. See “Underwriting.”

In addition, we have reserved shares of Class A common stock equal to    % of the total number of outstanding LLC Interests following this offering for issuance under the 2020 Plan. Any Class A common stock that we issue under the 2020 Plan or other equity incentive plans that we may adopt in the future would dilute the percentage ownership held by the investors who purchase Class A common stock in this offering.

 

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As restrictions on resale end or if these stockholders exercise their registration rights, the market price of our shares of Class A common stock could drop significantly if the holders of these shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to raise additional funds through future offerings of our shares of Class A common stock or other securities.

In the future, we may also issue securities in connection with investments, acquisitions or capital raising activities. In particular, the number of shares of our Class A common stock issued in connection with an investment or acquisition, or to raise additional equity capital, could constitute a material portion of our then-outstanding shares of our Class A common stock. Any such issuance of additional securities in the future may result in additional dilution to you, or may adversely impact the price of our Class A common stock.

Our stock price may change significantly following the offering, and you may not be able to resell shares of our Class A common stock at or above the price you paid or at all, and you could lose all or part of your investment as a result.

The initial public offering price for the shares was determined by negotiations between us and the underwriters. You may not be able to resell your shares at or above the initial public offering price due to a number of factors included herein, including the following:

 

   

results of operations that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors;

 

   

results of operations that vary from those of our competitors;

 

   

changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates and investment recommendations by securities analysts and investors;

 

   

technology changes, changes in consumer behavior or changes in merchant relationships in our industry;

 

   

security breaches related to our systems or those of our merchants, affiliates or strategic partners;

 

   

changes in economic conditions for companies in our industry;

 

   

changes in market valuations of, or earnings and other announcements by, companies in our industry;

 

   

declines in the market prices of stocks generally, particularly those of global payment companies;

 

   

strategic actions by us or our competitors;

 

   

announcements by us, our competitors or our strategic partners of significant contracts, new products, acquisitions, joint marketing relationships, joint ventures, other strategic relationships, or capital commitments;

 

   

changes in general economic or market conditions or trends in our industry or the economy as a whole and, in particular, in the consumer spending environment;

 

   

changes in business or regulatory conditions;

 

   

future sales of our Class A common stock or other securities;

 

   

investor perceptions of the investment opportunity associated with our Class A common stock relative to other investment alternatives;

 

   

the public’s response to press releases or other public announcements by us or third parties, including our filings with the SEC;

 

   

announcements relating to litigation or governmental investigations;

 

   

guidance, if any, that we provide to the public, any changes in this guidance, or our failure to meet this guidance;

 

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the development and sustainability of an active trading market for our stock;

 

   

changes in accounting principles; and

 

   

other events or factors, including those resulting from system failures and disruptions, natural disasters, war, acts of terrorism, an outbreak of highly infectious or contagious diseases, such as COVID-19, or responses to these events.

Furthermore, the stock market may experience extreme volatility that, in some cases, may be unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of our Class A common stock is low.

In the past, following periods of market volatility, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation. If we were involved in securities litigation, it could have a substantial cost and divert resources and the attention of management from our business regardless of the outcome of such litigation.

If you purchase shares of Class A common stock in this offering, you will suffer immediate and substantial dilution of your investment.

The initial public offering price of our Class A common stock is substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our Class A common stock. Therefore, if you purchase shares of our Class A common stock in this offering, you will pay a price per share that substantially exceeds our pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering. You will experience immediate dilution of $                per share, representing the difference between our pro forma net tangible book value per share after giving effect to this offering and the initial public offering price. In addition, investors who purchase Class A common stock from us in this offering will have contributed     % of the aggregate price paid by all purchasers of our outstanding equity but will own only approximately     % of our outstanding equity after this offering. See “Dilution” for more detail, including the calculation of the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our Class A common stock.

 

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus may be forward-looking statements. Statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, including, among others, statements regarding the Transactions, including the consummation of this offering, expected growth, future capital expenditures and debt service obligations, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms, such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

There are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements, including, but are not limited to, the following

 

   

our ability to comply with the numerous, complex and frequently changing laws regulating the marketing and sale of Medicare plans;

 

   

the potential for an adverse change in our relationships with carriers, including a loss of carrier relationships;

 

   

failure to grow our customer base or retain our existing customers;

 

   

carriers’ ability to reduce commissions paid to us and adversely change their underwriting practices;

 

   

significant consolidation in the healthcare industry that could adversely alter our relationships with carriers;

 

   

information technology systems failures or capacity constraints interrupting our operations;

 

   

factors that adversely impact our estimate of LTV;

 

   

our dependence on agents to sell insurance plans;

 

   

changes in the health insurance system and laws and regulation governing health insurance markets;

 

   

inability to effectively advertise our products; and

 

   

the significant influence Continuing Equity Owners will have over us after the Transactions, including control over decisions that require the approval of stockholders.

The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in this prospectus. If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate. Many of the important factors that will determine these results are beyond our ability to control or predict. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and, except as otherwise required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

 

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OUR ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

GoHealth, Inc., a Delaware corporation, was formed on March 27, 2020 and is the issuer of the Class A common stock offered by this prospectus. Prior to this offering and the Transactions (as defined below), all of our business operations have been conducted through GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its direct and indirect subsidiaries and the Original Equity Owners are the only owners of GoHealth Holdings, LLC. We will consummate the Transactions, excluding this offering, substantially concurrently with or prior to the consummation of this offering.

Existing Organization

GoHealth Holdings, LLC is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such is generally not subject to any U.S. federal entity-level income taxes. Taxable income or loss of GoHealth Holdings, LLC is included in the U.S. federal income tax returns of GoHealth Holdings, LLC’s members. Prior to the consummation of this offering, the Original Equity Owners were the only members of GoHealth Holdings, LLC.

Transactions

Prior to the Transactions, we expect there will initially be one holder of common stock of GoHealth, Inc. We will consummate the following organizational transactions in connection with this offering:

 

   

we will amend and restate the existing limited liability company agreement of GoHealth Holdings, LLC, which will become effective substantially concurrently with or prior to the consummation of this offering, to, among other things, (1) recapitalize all existing ownership interests in GoHealth Holdings, LLC (including profits interests awarded under the existing limited liability company agreement of GoHealth Holdings, LLC (and corresponding profits interests issued under the existing limited liability agreement of Blizzard Management Feeder, LLC)) into                LLC Interests (and, in the case of corresponding profits interests issued by Blizzard Management Feeder, LLC, into common units of Blizzard Management Feeder, LLC) and (2) appoint GoHealth, Inc. as the sole managing member of GoHealth Holdings, LLC upon its acquisition of LLC Interests in connection with this offering;

 

   

we will amend and restate GoHealth, Inc.’s certificate of incorporation to, among other things, provide (1) for Class A common stock, with each share of our Class A common stock entitling its holder to one vote per share on all matters presented to our stockholders generally and (2) for Class B common stock, with each share of our Class B common stock entitling its holder to one vote per share on all matters presented to our stockholders generally, and that shares of our Class B common stock may only be held by the Continuing Equity Owners and their respective permitted transferees as described in “Description of Capital Stock—Common Stock—Class B Common Stock;”

 

   

we will acquire, by means of one or more mergers, the Blocker Company (the “Blocker Merger”) and will issue to the Blocker Shareholders                 shares of our Class A common stock and, upon consummation of this offering, $                million (based on the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) in cash to Blocker Shareholders as partial consideration in the Blocker Merger;

 

   

we will issue                shares of our Class B common stock to the Continuing Equity Owners, which is equal to the number of LLC Interests held by such Continuing Equity Owners, for nominal consideration;

 

   

we will issue                shares of our Class A common stock to the purchasers in this offering (or                shares if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock) in exchange for net proceeds of approximately $                million (or approximately $                million if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock) based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $                per share (which is the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), less the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us;

 

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we will use the net proceeds from this offering to (i) purchase                 newly-issued LLC Interests (or                 LLC Interests if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock) directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC at a price per unit equal to the initial public offering price per share of Class A common stock in this offering less the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us and (ii) pay $                million in cash to the Blocker Shareholders as partial consideration in the Blocker Merger;

 

   

GoHealth Holdings, LLC intends to use the net proceeds from the sale of LLC Interests to GoHealth, Inc. (i) to partially redeem certain of the LLC Interests held by the Continuing Equity Owners, (ii) to satisfy in full $                 million in aggregate principal amount of an obligation relating to an existing equity instrument in connection with the Transactions and (iii) for general corporate purposes to support the growth of the business, in each case, as described under “Use of Proceeds;” and

 

   

GoHealth, Inc. will enter into (1) the Stockholders Agreement with Centerbridge and our Founders, (2) the Registration Rights Agreement with certain of the Continuing Equity Owners and (3) the Tax Receivable Agreement with GoHealth Holdings, LLC, the Continuing Equity Owners and the Blocker Shareholders. For a description of the terms of the Stockholders Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement and the Tax Receivable Agreement, see “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”

Organizational Structure Following the Transactions

 

   

GoHealth, Inc. will be a holding company and its principal asset will consist of LLC Interests it acquires directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC and indirectly from certain of the Continuing Equity Owners (including the Blocker Shareholders);

 

   

GoHealth, Inc. will be the sole managing member of GoHealth Holdings, LLC and will control the business and affairs of GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its direct and indirect subsidiaries;

 

   

GoHealth, Inc. will own, directly or indirectly,                 LLC Interests of GoHealth Holdings, LLC, representing approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC (or                LLC Interests, representing approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock);

 

   

the Continuing Equity Owners (excluding Centerbridge) will own (1)                LLC Interests of GoHealth Holdings, LLC, representing approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC (or                LLC Interests, representing approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock) and (2)                shares of Class B common stock of GoHealth, Inc., representing approximately    % of the combined voting power of all of GoHealth, Inc.’s common stock (or                shares of Class B common stock of GoHealth, Inc., representing approximately    % if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock);

 

   

Centerbridge (directly or indirectly, including through the Blocker Shareholders) will own (1)                 shares of Class A common stock of GoHealth, Inc. (or                shares of Class A common stock of GoHealth, Inc. if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock), representing approximately    % of the combined voting power of all of GoHealth, Inc.’s common stock and approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth, Inc. (or approximately    % of the combined voting power and approximately    % of the economic interest if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock), (2) directly and indirectly through GoHealth, Inc.’s ownership of LLC Interests, approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC (or approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock) and (3)                shares of Class B common stock of GoHealth, Inc., representing approximately    % of the combined voting power of all of GoHealth, Inc.’s common stock (or                shares of Class B common stock of GoHealth, Inc., representing approximately    % if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock); and

 

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the purchasers in this offering will own (1)                shares of Class A common stock of GoHealth, Inc. (or                shares of Class A common stock of GoHealth, Inc. if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock), representing approximately    % of the combined voting power of all of GoHealth, Inc.’s common stock and approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth, Inc. (or approximately    % of the combined voting power and approximately    % of the economic interest if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock), and (2) through GoHealth, Inc.’s ownership of LLC Interests, indirectly will hold approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC (or approximately    % of the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock).

The diagram below depicts our organizational structure after giving effect to the Transactions, including this offering, assuming no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock.

 

LOGO

 

(1)

Investors in this offering will hold approximately                % of the voting interest.

 

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As the sole managing member of GoHealth Holdings, LLC, we will operate and control all of the business and affairs of GoHealth Holdings, LLC and, through GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, conduct our business. Following the Transactions, including this offering, GoHealth, Inc. will have the majority economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC, and will control the management of GoHealth Holdings, LLC as its sole managing member. As a result, GoHealth, Inc. will consolidate GoHealth Holdings, LLC and record a significant non-controlling interest in a consolidated entity in GoHealth, Inc.’s consolidated financial statements for the economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC held by the Continuing Equity Owners.

Unless otherwise indicated, this prospectus assumes the shares of Class A common stock are offered at $                per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). Pursuant to the terms of the Existing LLC Agreement, the split between the number of LLC Interests among the Original Equity Owners will vary depending on the initial public offering price in this offering. The initial public offering price will also impact the relative allocation of LLC Interests issued in the Transactions among the Original Equity Owners and, in turn, the shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock issued to the Original Equity Owners in the Transactions. Additionally, while the number of shares of Class A common stock being offered hereby to the public will not change, any increase or decrease in the number of shares of Class A common stock sold by GoHealth, Inc. in this offering due to a change in the initial public offering price will result in a corresponding increase or decrease in the number of LLC Interests purchased by GoHealth, Inc. directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC at a price per unit equal to the initial public offering price per share of Class A common stock in this offering. Therefore, the indirect economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC represented by the shares of Class A common stock sold in this offering will be largely unaffected by the initial public offering price.

Incorporation of GoHealth, Inc.

GoHealth, Inc., the issuer of the Class A common stock offered by this prospectus, was incorporated as a Delaware corporation on March 27, 2020. GoHealth, Inc. has not engaged in any material business or other activities except in connection with its formation and the Transactions. The amended and restated certificate of incorporation of GoHealth, Inc. that will become effective immediately prior to the consummation of this offering will, among other things, authorize two classes of common stock, Class A common stock and Class B common stock, each having the terms described in “Description of Capital Stock.”

Reclassification and Amendment and Restatement of the GoHealth Holdings, LLC Agreement

Prior to or substantially concurrently with the consummation of this offering, the existing limited liability company agreement of GoHealth Holdings, LLC will be amended and restated to, among other things, recapitalize its capital structure by creating a single new class of units that we refer to as “common units” and provide for a right of redemption of common units in exchange for, at our election (determined solely by our independent directors (within the meaning of the Nasdaq rules), who are disinterested), shares of our Class A common stock or cash. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—GoHealth Holdings, LLC Agreement.”

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate, based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $                per share (which is the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), that we will receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately $                 million (or $                million if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock), after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to (i) purchase                 newly-issued LLC Interests (or                 LLC Interests if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock) directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC at a price per unit equal to the initial public offering price per share of Class A common stock in this offering less the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us and (ii) pay $                million in cash to the Blocker Shareholders as partial consideration in the Blocker Merger.

GoHealth Holdings, LLC intends to use the net proceeds from the sale of LLC Interests to GoHealth, Inc. (i) to partially redeem certain of the LLC Interests held by the Continuing Equity Owners, (ii) to satisfy in full $                 million in aggregate principal amount of an obligation relating to an existing equity instrument in connection with the Transactions and (iii) for general corporate purposes to support the growth of the business.

Assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock, each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $                per share (which is the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $                million and, in turn, the net proceeds received by GoHealth Holdings, LLC from the sale of LLC Interests to GoHealth, Inc. by $                million, assuming the number of shares offered, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

Each 1,000,000 share increase (decrease) in the number of shares offered by us in this offering would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $                million and, in turn, the net proceeds received by GoHealth Holdings, LLC from the sale of LLC Interests to GoHealth, Inc. by $                million, assuming that the price per share for the offering remains at $                (which is the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), and after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

GoHealth Holdings, LLC will bear or reimburse GoHealth, Inc. for all of the expenses incurred in connection with the Transactions, including this offering.

 

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth the cash and capitalization as of March 31, 2020, as follows:

 

   

of GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries on a historical basis;

 

   

of GoHealth, Inc. and its subsidiaries on a pro forma basis to give effect to the Transactions, excluding this offering; and

 

   

of GoHealth, Inc. and its subsidiaries on a pro forma as adjusted basis to give effect to the Transactions, including the sale of the shares of Class A common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $                per share (which is the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and the application of the net proceeds therefrom as described under “Use of Proceeds.”

For more information, please see “Our Organizational Structure,” “Use of Proceeds” and “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information” included elsewhere in this prospectus. You should read this information in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus and the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section and other financial information contained in this prospectus.

 

     As of March 31, 2020  
(in thousands, except per share and share amounts)    GoHealth
Holdings,
LLC Historical
    GoHealth, Inc.
Pro Forma
     GoHealth, Inc.
Pro Forma
As Adjusted
 

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 152,423     $                        $                    
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Long-term debt (including current portion)(1):

       

Term Loan Facility(2)

   $ 290,834     $        $    

Incremental Term Loan Facility(2)

     110,988       
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total long-term debt

   $ 401,822     $        $    

Members’/stockholders’ equity (deficit):

       

Member’s equity:

       

Preferred units

     546,972       

Class A common units

     219,139       

Class B common units

     103,593       

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income

     (102     

Retained earnings (deficit)

     —         

Stockholders’ equity:

       

Class A common stock, par value $             per share;             shares authorized,             shares issued and outstanding, pro forma; and              shares authorized,             shares             issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted

     —         

Class B common stock, par value $             per share;             shares authorized,             shares issued and outstanding, pro forma;             and             shares              authorized,             shares issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted

     —         
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total members’/stockholders’ equity (deficit)

     869,602       
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total capitalization

   $ 1,271,424     $        $    
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)

See “Description of Indebtedness” for a description of our currently outstanding indebtedness.

(2)

Net of $8 million and $6 million of original issue discount and debt issuance costs related to the Term Loan Facility and Incremental Term Loan Facility, respectively.

 

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Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $                per share, the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) each of total indebtedness, additional paid-in capital and total members’ / stockholders’ equity on a pro forma as adjusted basis by approximately $                million, assuming that the price per share for the offering remains at $                (which is the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), and after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

Each 1,000,000 share increase or decrease in the number of shares offered in this offering by us would increase or decrease each of total indebtedness, additional paid-in capital and total members’ / stockholders’ equity on a pro forma as adjusted basis by approximately $                million, assuming that the price per share for the offering remains at $                (which is the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), and after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

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DIVIDEND POLICY

We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business and to repay indebtedness, and therefore we do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends on our Class A common stock in the foreseeable future. Holders of our Class B common stock are not entitled to participate in any dividends declared by our board of directors. Furthermore, because we are a holding company, our ability to pay cash dividends on our Class A common stock depends on our receipt of cash distributions from GoHealth Holdings, LLC and, through GoHealth Holdings, LLC, cash distributions and dividends from our other direct and indirect subsidiaries. Our ability to pay dividends may be restricted by the terms of any future credit agreement or any future debt or preferred equity securities of us or our subsidiaries. See “Description of Capital Stock,” “Description of Indebtedness” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation—Liquidity and Capital Resources.” Any future determination as to the declaration and payment of dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to compliance with contractual restrictions and covenants in the agreements governing our current and future indebtedness. Any such determination will also depend upon our business prospects, results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements and availability and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.

Accordingly, you may need to sell your shares of our Class A common stock to realize a return on your investment, and you may not be able to sell your shares at or above the price you paid for them. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Offering and Ownership of our Class A Common Stock—Because we have no current plans to pay regular cash dividends on our Class A common stock following this offering, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your Class A common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.”

Immediately following this offering, we will be a holding company, and our principal asset will be the LLC Interests we purchase from GoHealth Holdings, LLC. If we decide to pay a dividend in the future, we would need to cause GoHealth Holdings, LLC to make distributions to us in an amount sufficient to cover such dividend. If GoHealth Holdings, LLC makes such distributions to us, the other holders of LLC Interests will be entitled to receive pro rata distributions. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure—Our principal asset after the completion of this offering will be our interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC, and, as a result, we will depend on distributions from GoHealth Holdings, LLC to pay our taxes and expenses, including payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. GoHealth Holdings, LLC’s ability to make such distributions may be subject to various limitations and restrictions.”

 

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DILUTION

The Continuing Equity Owners will own LLC Interests after the Transactions. Because the Continuing Equity Owners do not own any Class A common stock or have any right to receive distributions from GoHealth, Inc., we have presented dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share both before and after this offering assuming that all of the holders of LLC Interests (other than GoHealth, Inc.) had their LLC Interests redeemed or exchanged for newly-issued shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis (rather than for cash) and the automatic transfer to the Company and cancellation for no consideration of all of their shares of Class B common stock (which are not entitled to receive distributions or dividends, whether cash or stock from GoHealth, Inc.) in order to more meaningfully present the dilutive impact on the investors in this offering. We refer to the assumed redemption or exchange of all LLC Interests for shares of Class A common stock as described in the previous sentence as the Assumed Redemption.

Dilution is the amount by which the offering price paid by the purchasers of the Class A common stock in this offering exceeds the pro forma net tangible book value per share of Class A common stock after the offering. GoHealth Holdings, LLC’s pro forma net tangible book value as of March 31, 2020 prior to this offering and after giving effect to the other Transactions and the Assumed Redemption was a deficit of $                million. Pro forma net tangible book value per share prior to this offering is determined by subtracting our total liabilities from the total book value of our tangible assets and dividing the difference by the number of shares of Class A common stock deemed to be outstanding after giving effect to the Assumed Redemption.

If you invest in our Class A common stock in this offering, your ownership interest will be immediately diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per share and the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our Class A common stock after this offering.

Pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering is determined by subtracting our total liabilities from the total book value of our tangible assets and dividing the difference by the number of shares of Class A common stock deemed to be outstanding, after giving effect to the Transactions, including this offering and the application of the proceeds from this offering as described in “Use of Proceeds,” and the Assumed Redemption. Our pro forma net tangible book value as of March 31, 2020, after giving effect to this offering would have been approximately a deficit of $                million, or $                per share of Class A common stock. This amount represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value of $                per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in pro forma net tangible book value of approximately $                per share to new investors purchasing shares of Class A common stock in this offering. We determine dilution by subtracting the pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering from the amount of cash that a new investor paid for a share of Class A common stock. The following table illustrates this dilution:

 

Assumed initial public offering price per share

      $                  

Pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share as of March 31, 2020 before this offering

   $                     

Increase per share attributable to new investors in this offering

   $     
  

 

 

    

Pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share after this offering

     

Dilution per share to new Class A common stock investors in this offering

      $    
     

 

 

 

 

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $                per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase the pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share after this offering by approximately $                , and dilution in pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share to new investors by approximately $                assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

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If the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock, the pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) after the offering would be $                per share, the increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share to existing stockholders would be $                per share and the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value to new investors would be $                per share, in each case assuming an initial public offering price of $                per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.

The following table summarizes, as of March 31, 2020, after giving effect to the Transactions (including this offering) and the Assumed Redemption, the number of shares of Class A common stock purchased from us, the total consideration paid, or to be paid, to us and the average price per share paid, or to be paid, by existing owners and by the new investors. The calculation below is based on an assumed initial public offering price of $                per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, before deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

     Shares
Purchased
    Total Consideration     Average Price
Per Share
 
     Number      Percent     Amount      Percent  

Original Equity Owners

                   $                             $            

New investors

            
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

                     100   $          100   $    
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $                per share would increase (decrease) the total consideration paid by new investors and the total consideration paid by all stockholders by $                million, assuming the number of shares offered by us remains the same and after deducting the underwriting discount but before estimated offering expenses.

Except as otherwise indicated, the discussion and the tables above assume no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock. In addition, the discussion and tables above exclude shares of Class B common stock, because holders of the Class B common stock are not entitled to distributions or dividends, whether cash or stock, from GoHealth, Inc. The number of shares of our Class A common stock outstanding after this offering as shown in the tables above is based on the number of shares outstanding as of March 31, 2020, after giving effect to the Transactions and the Assumed Redemption, and excludes                shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under our 2020 Plan (as described in “Executive Compensation—                                 ”), including approximately                shares of Class A common stock issuable pursuant to stock options we intend to grant to certain of our directors, executive officers and other employees, including certain of our named executive officers, in connection with this offering as described in “Executive Compensation—                                 ” and “Executive Compensation—                                 .”

To the extent any of these outstanding options are exercised, there will be further dilution to new investors. To the extent all of such outstanding options had been exercised as of March 31, 2020 the pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share after this offering would be $                , and total dilution per share to new investors would be $                .

If the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock:

 

   

the percentage of shares of Class A common stock held by the Original Equity Owners will decrease to approximately    % of the total number of shares of our Class A common stock outstanding after this offering; and

 

   

the number of shares held by new investors will increase to                , or approximately    % of the total number of shares of our Class A common stock outstanding after this offering.

 

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SELECTED HISTORICAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table presents the selected historical condensed consolidated financial data for GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries. GoHealth Holdings, LLC is the predecessor of the issuer, GoHealth, Inc., for financial reporting purposes. The selected consolidated statements of operations data and statements of cash flows data for the period from September 13, 2019 through December 31, 2019 (Successor), the period from January 1, 2019 through September 12, 2019 (Predecessor) and the year ended December 31, 2018 (Predecessor), and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of GoHealth Holdings, LLC included elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected condensed consolidated statements of operations and statements of cash flows data for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, and the summary condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2020, are derived from the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of GoHealth Holdings, LLC included elsewhere in this prospectus. The results of operations for the periods presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period. The information set forth below should be read together with the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section and the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

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The selected historical financial data of GoHealth, Inc. has not been presented because GoHealth, Inc. is a newly incorporated entity, has had no business transactions or activities to date and had no assets or liabilities during the periods presented in this section.

 

(in thousands, except per share data)    Three Months Ended
March 31,
     Successor
2019 Period
     Predecessor
2019 Period
    Year Ended
December 31,
2018

(Predecessor)
 
   2020
(Successor)
     2019
(Predecessor)
 

Consolidated Statement of Operations:

               

Net revenues:

               

Commission

   $ 112,510      $ 51,215      $ 243,347      $ 175,834     $ 144,378  

Other

     28,500        17,874        65,144        55,176       81,827  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net revenues

     141,010        69,089        308,491        231,010       226,205  

Operating expenses:

               

Cost of revenue

     42,134        27,552        90,384        79,169       79,582  

Marketing and advertising

     26,073        11,411        24,811        37,769       28,129  

Customer care and enrollment

     23,978        13,939        44,356        49,149       46,076  

Technology

     4,593        4,155        6,006        40,312       16,197  

General and administrative

     10,491        6,990        13,674        79,219       27,458  

Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability

     4,400        —          70,700        —         —    

Amortization of intangible assets

     23,514        —          28,217        —         —    

Transaction costs

     —          —          6,245        2,267       —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     135,183        64,047        284,393        287,885       197,442  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) from operations

     5,827        5,042        24,098        (56,875     28,763  

Interest expense

     6,756        28        8,076        140       224  

Other income (expense)

     10        10        17        (114     (379
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes

     (939      5,004        16,039        (57,129     28,160  

Income tax expense (benefit)

     (2      2        44        (66     46  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

   $ (937    $ 5,002      $ 15,995      $ (57,063   $ 28,114  

Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests

     —          —          —          —         (3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to GoHealth Holdings, LLC and subsidiaries

   $ (937    $ 5,002      $ 15,995      $ (57,063   $  28,117  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows:

               

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities

   $ 23,587      $ 1,222      $ (9,284    $ 9,281     $ 5,443  

Net cash used in investing activities

     (3,522      (1,944      (810,010      (5,597     (6,170

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     120,167        1,147        830,879        (3,449     63  

 

     As of
March 31, 2020

(Successor)
     As of
December 31, 2019

(Successor)
     As of
December 31, 2018

(Predecessor)
 
(in thousands)                     

Consolidated Balance Sheet:

        

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 152,423      $ 12,276      $ 505  

Total assets

     1,709,649        1,602,295        142,837  

Total liabilities

     840,047        742,151        83,490  

Total members’ equity (deficit)

     869,602        860,144        (186,653

 

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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The following unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information reflects (i) the Centerbridge Acquisition and (ii) the impact of this offering, after giving effect to the Transactions discussed in “Our Organizational Structure.” Following the completion of the Transactions, GoHealth, Inc. will be a holding company whose principal asset will consist of                % of the outstanding LLC Interests (or                % of LLC Interests if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock) that it acquires directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC and indirectly from certain of the Continuing Equity Owners and the Blocker Shareholders in connection with this offering. The remaining LLC Interests will be held by the Continuing Equity Owners. GoHealth, Inc. will act as the sole managing member of GoHealth Holdings, LLC, will operate and control the business and affairs of GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its direct and indirect subsidiaries and, through GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, conduct its business.

The following unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the three months ended March 31, 2020 give effect to the Centerbridge Acquisition and the Transactions, including this offering, as if the same had occurred on January 1, 2019. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2020 presents our unaudited pro forma balance sheet giving effect to the Transactions, including this offering, as if they had occurred as of March 31, 2020.

We have derived the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of operations and unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated balance sheet from the consolidated financial statements of GoHealth Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries as of March 31, 2020 and for the Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period included elsewhere in this prospectus. The historical consolidated financial information of GoHealth Holdings, LLC has been adjusted in this unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information to give effect to events that are directly attributable to the Centerbridge Acquisition and the Transactions, are factually supportable and, with respect to the condensed consolidated statement of operations, are expected to have a continuing impact on GoHealth, Inc. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information reflects adjustments that are described in the accompanying notes and are based on available information and certain assumptions we believe are reasonable, but are subject to change.

We refer to the adjustments related to the Centerbridge Acquisition, excluding the adjustments related to the Offering, as the “Pro Forma Centerbridge Acquisition Adjustments.” We refer to the adjustments related to the Transactions, including the impact of the Transactions described in “Our Organizational Structure,” but excluding the adjustments related to the Offering, as the Pro Forma Transaction Adjustments.

The adjustments related to this offering, which we refer to as the Pro Forma Offering Adjustments, are described in the notes to the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information, and principally include the following:

 

   

the amendment and restatement of the limited liability company agreement of GoHealth Holdings, LLC to, among other things, appoint GoHealth, Inc. as the sole managing member of GoHealth Holdings, LLC and provide certain redemption rights to the Continuing Equity Owners;

 

   

the issuance of                shares of our Class A common stock to the investors in this offering in exchange for net proceeds of approximately $                (based on an assumed initial public offering price of $                per share, the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), after deducting the underwriting discount but before estimated offering expenses payable by us;

 

   

the payment of fees and expenses related to this offering and the application of the net proceeds from the sale of Class A common stock in this offering to purchase LLC Interests directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC, at a purchase price per LLC Interest equal to the initial public offering price per share of Class A common stock less the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us, with such LLC Interests representing    % of the outstanding LLC Interests; and

 

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the application by GoHealth Holdings, LLC of the proceeds from the sale of LLC Interests to us as described under “Use of Proceeds.”

Except as otherwise indicated, the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information presented assumes no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock in the offering.

As a public company, we will be implementing additional procedures and processes for the purpose of addressing the standards and requirements applicable to public companies. We expect to incur additional annual expenses related to these additional procedures and processes and, among other things, additional directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees, additional expenses associated with complying with the reporting requirements of the SEC, transfer agent fees, costs relating to additional accounting, legal and administrative personnel, increased auditing, tax and legal fees, stock exchange listing fees and other public company expenses. We have not included any pro forma adjustments relating to these costs in the information below.

The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information is included for informational purposes only. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information should not be relied upon as being indicative of our results of operations or financial condition had the Centerbridge Acquisition and the Transactions, including this offering, occurred on the dates assumed. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information also does not project our results of operations or financial position for any future period or date. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of operations and balance sheet should be read in conjunction with the “Risk Factors,” “Prospectus Summary—Summary Historical and Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial and Other Data,” “Selected Historical Condensed Consolidated Financial Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

GoHealth, Inc. and subsidiaries

Unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2020

 

(in thousands, except share amounts)

  Successor
GoHealth
Holdings, LLC
Historical
    Pro Forma
Transactions
Adjustments
    As Further
Adjusted
for Pro Forma
Transactions
    Pro Forma
Offering
Adjustments
    GoHealth,
Inc. Pro
Forma
 

Assets

         

Current assets:

         

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 152,423           (1  

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $651 in 2020

    6,422          

Commissions receivable—current

    58,173          

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

    6,010                                                                         
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

    223,028          

Commissions receivable—non-current

    330,617          

Property, equipment, and capitalized software, net

    9,228          

Intangible assets, net

    759,269          

Goodwill

    386,553          

Other long-term assets

    954          
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

  $ 1,709,649          
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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(in thousands, except share amounts)

  Successor
GoHealth
Holdings, LLC
Historical
    Pro Forma
Transactions
Adjustments
    As Further
Adjusted
for Pro Forma
Transactions
    Pro Forma
Offering
Adjustments
    GoHealth,
Inc. Pro
Forma
 

Liabilities and members’ equity

         

Current liabilities:

         

Accounts payable

    12,718          

Accrued liabilities

    11,740          

Commissions payable—current

    34,536          

Deferred revenue

    14,867          

Current portion of debt

    4,170          

Other current liabilities

    3,178          
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

    81,209          

Non-current liabilities:

         

Commissions payable—non-current

    113,516          

Long-term debt, net of current portion

    397,652          

Contingent consideration

    247,100          

Capital lease obligations, less current portion

    345          

Incentive share liability

    —            

Deferred tax liability

    225           (2  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-current liabilities

  $ 758,838                                                                                              
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Members’ equity

         

Preferred Units – $1.00 par value; 541,263,042 units authorized, issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020

    546,972          

Class A Common units – $1.00 par value; 237,938,682 units authorized, issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020

    219,139       (3      

Class B Common units – $1.00 par value; 108,727,667 units authorized, issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020

    103,593       (3      

Senior Preferred Earnout Units – no par value; none authorized, issued, and outstanding at March 31, 2020

             

Profits Units – no par value; 97,918,116 units authorized at March 31, 2020; 84,399,921 units issued at March 31, 2020; and none outstanding as of March 31, 2020

             

Class A common stock – $     par value per share, shares authorized on a pro forma basis, shares issued and outstanding on a pro forma basis

      (4      

 

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(in thousands, except share amounts)

  Successor
GoHealth
Holdings, LLC
Historical
    Pro Forma
Transactions
Adjustments
    As Further
Adjusted
for Pro Forma
Transactions
    Pro Forma
Offering
Adjustments
    GoHealth,
Inc. Pro
Forma
 

Class B common stock – $     par value per share, shares authorized on a pro forma basis, shares issued and outstanding on a pro forma basis

      (4      

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income

    (102        

Retained earnings

    —         (3      
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total members’/stockholders’ equity attributable to GoHealth Holdings, LLC/GoHealth, Inc. (a)

    869,602       (3      
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-controlling interest

    —         (3       (3  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total members’/stockholders’ equity

    869,602          
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

  $ 1,709,649          
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(a) For historical amounts, represents total members’ deficit attributable to GoHealth Holdings, LLC. For Pro Forma amounts, represents total members’/stockholders’ equity attributable to GoHealth, Inc.

GoHealth, Inc. and subsidiaries

Notes to unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated balance sheet

 

  (1)

Reflects the net effect on cash of the receipt of offering proceeds to us of $                 million, based on the assumed sale of                 shares of Class A common stock at an assumed initial public offering of $                 per share, the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us. These amounts, as described in “Use of Proceeds,” relate to:

 

  (a)

payment of $                 million to purchase                 newly-issued LLC Interests (or                 LLC Interests if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock) directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC at an assumed initial public offering of $                per share, the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us;

 

  (b)

payment of approximately $                 million in cash to the Blocker Shareholders as partial consideration in the Blocker Merger; and

 

  (c)

payment of approximately $                 million of underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses.

 

  (2)

As described in greater detail under “Our Organizational Structure” and “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement,” in connection with the completion of this offering, we will enter into a Tax Receivable Agreement with GoHealth Holdings, LLC and the Continuing Equity Owners and the Blocker Shareholders that will provide for the payment by GoHealth, Inc. to the Continuing Equity Owners and the Blocker Shareholders of 85% of the amount of certain tax benefits, if any, that GoHealth, Inc. actually realizes, or in some circumstances is deemed to realize, as a result of (1) GoHealth, Inc.’s allocable share of existing tax basis acquired in connection with the Transactions (including the Blocker Company’s share of existing tax basis) and increases to such allocable share of existing tax basis; (2) increases in tax basis resulting from (a) the purchase of LLC Interests directly from GoHealth Holdings, LLC and

 

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  the partial redemption of LLC Interests by GoHealth Holdings, LLC, as described under “Use of Proceeds,” (b) any future redemptions or exchanges or exchanges of LLC Interests from the Continuing Equity Owners as described under “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions— GoHealth Holdings, LLC Agreement—Agreement in Effect Upon Consummation of this Offering—Common Unit Redemption Right,” and (c) certain distributions (or deemed distributions) by GoHealth Holdings, LLC; and (3) certain additional tax benefits arising from payments made under the Tax Receivable Agreement.

Due to the uncertainty in the amount and timing of future redemptions or exchanges of LLC Interests by the Continuing Equity Owners, the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information assumes that no redemptions or exchanges of LLC Interests have occurred and, therefore, no increases in tax basis in GoHealth Holdings, LLC’s assets or other tax benefits that may be realized thereunder have been assumed in the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information. However, if all of the Continuing Equity Owners were to exchange or redeem their LLC Interests, we would recognize a deferred tax asset of approximately $                 million and a related liability for payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement of approximately $                 million, assuming, among other factors, (i) all exchanges occurred on the same day; (ii) a price of $                 per share of Class A common stock (the midpoint of the estimated offering price set forth on the cover of this prospectus); (iii) a constant corporate tax rate of                  %; (iv) we will have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the tax benefits; (v) GoHealth Holdings, LLC is able to fully depreciate or amortize its assets; and (vi) no material changes in applicable tax law. For each 5% increase (decrease) in the amount of LLC Interests exchanged by the Continuing Equity Owners, our deferred tax asset would increase (decrease) by approximately $                 million and the related liability for payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement would increase (decrease) by approximately $                 million, assuming that the price per share of the Class A Common Stock at the time of the exchange and corporate tax rate remain the same. These amounts are estimates and have been prepared for informational purposes only. The actual amount of deferred tax assets and related liabilities that we will recognize will differ based on, among other things, the timing of the redemptions or exchanges, the price of our shares of Class A common stock at the time of the redemptions or exchanges and the tax rates then in effect.

Under the Tax Receivable Agreement, we may elect to terminate the Tax Receivable Agreement early by making an immediate cash payment equal to the present value of the anticipated future tax benefits that would be required to be paid by us to the Continuing Equity Owners and the Blocker Shareholders under the Tax Receivable Agreement. The calculation of such cash payment would be based on certain assumptions, including, among others (i) that any Continuing Equity Owners’ LLC Interests that have not been exchanged are deemed exchanged, in general, for the market value of our Class A common stock that would be received by such Continuing Equity Owner if such LLC Interests had been exchanged at the time of termination; (ii) we will have sufficient taxable income in each future taxable year to fully realize all potential tax savings; (iii) the federal tax rates for future years will be those specified in the law as in effect at the time of termination and the combined state and local tax rates will be an assumed tax rate; and (iv) certain non-amortizable assets are deemed disposed of within specified time periods. In addition, the present value of such tax benefit payments are discounted at a rate equal to the lessor of (x)                % per annum, compounded annually and (y)                basis points. Assuming that the market value of our Class A common stock were to be equal to $                , the midpoint of the estimated offering price set forth on the cover of this prospectus and that LIBO Rate were to be                %, we estimate that the aggregate amount of these termination payments would be approximately $                million if we were to exercise our termination right immediately following this offering.

 

  (3)

Upon completion of the Transactions, we will become the sole managing member of GoHealth Holdings, LLC. Although we will have a minority economic interest in GoHealth Holdings, LLC, we will have the sole voting interest in, and control of the management of, GoHealth Holdings,

 

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  LLC. As a result, we will consolidate the financial results of GoHealth Holdings, LLC and will report a noncontrolling interest related to the interests in GoHealth Holdings, LLC held by the Continuing Equity Owners on our consolidated balance sheet. Immediately following the Transactions, the economic interests held by the noncontrolling interest will be approximately                %. If the underwriters were to exercise their option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock in full, the economic interests held by the noncontrolling interest would be approximately                %.

 

  (4)

Reflects the exchange of                GoHealth Holdings, LLC common units held by the Continuing Equity Owners for                shares of our Class A common stock, and the issuance of a number of shares of our Class B common stock to the Continuing Equity Owners, equal to the number of GoHealth Holdings, LLC common units retained by each, for nominal consideration.

 

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GoHealth, Inc. and subsidiaries

Unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020

 

(in thousands, except share amounts)    GoHealth
Holdings, LLC
Historical
    Pro Forma
Transactions
Adjustments
    As Further
Adjusted for
Pro Forma
Transactions
    Pro Forma
Offering
Adjustments
    GoHealth,
Inc. Pro
Forma
 

Net revenues:

          

Commission

     112,510          

Other

     28,500                                                                              
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net revenues

   $ 141,010     $       $       $       $    

Operating expenses:

          

Cost of revenue

     42,134          

Marketing and advertising

     26,073          

Customer care and enrollment

     23,978          

Technology

     4,593          

General and administrative

     10,491          

Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability

     4,400          

Amortization of intangible assets

     23,514          
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

   $ 135,183     $       $       $       $    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) from operations

     5,827          

Interest expense

     6,756          

Other income (expense)

     10          
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes

     (939        

Income tax expense (benefit)

     (2     (6      
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

     (937        
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

     —         (7       (7  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income attributable to GoHealth, Inc.

   $ (937   $       $       $       $    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Pro Forma Per Share Data:

          

Net income per share

          

Basic

          

Diluted

          

Weighted-average shares used to compute net income per share

          

Basic

          

Diluted

          

 

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Unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of operations for the Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period

 

    Predecessor
2019 Period
    Successor
2019 Period
                                     
(in thousands, except share
amounts)
  GoHealth
Holdings, LLC
Historical
    Successor
GoHealth
Holdings, LLC
Historical
    Pro Forma
Centerbridge
Acquisition
Adjustments
    As Adjusted
for Pro
Forma
Centerbridge
Acquisition
Adjustments
    Pro Forma
Transactions
Adjustments
    As Further
Adjusted for
Pro Forma
Transactions
    Pro Forma
Offering
Adjustments
    GoHealth,
Inc. Pro
Forma
 

Net revenues:

                 

Commission

  $ 175,834     $ 243,347     $ —       $ 419,181          

Other

    55,176       65,144       —         120,320                                                                              
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net revenues

    231,010       308,491       —         539,501          

Operating expenses:

                 

Cost of revenue

    79,169       90,384       —         169,553          

Marketing and advertising

    37,769       24,811       (1,509 )(5)      61,071          

Customer care and enrollment

    49,149       44,356       62 (5)      93,567          

Technology

    40,312       6,006       (26,848 )(5)      19,470          

General and administrative

    79,219       13,674       (59,557 )(1)(5)      33,336          

Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability

    —         70,700       —         70,700          

Amortization of intangible assets

    —         28,217       65,840 (2)      94,057          

Transaction costs

    2,267